Big Chemical Encyclopedia

Chemical substances, components, reactions, process design ...

Articles Figures Tables About

Worldwide initiatives

All the worldwide initiatives relating to functional additives revolve around the scientific basis for the assertion that consuming these products has positive effects on the health of the consumer. A scientific basis is very useful for advertising products. In this aspect for which the regulations in the USA, Japan and Europe are very different. [Pg.479]

The initial step is to identify which database, from a few thousands worldwide (about 10 000 in 2002), provides the requested information. The next step is to determine which subsection of the topic is of interest, and to identify typical search terms or keywords (synonyms, homonyms, different languages, or abbreviations) (Table 5-1). During the search in a database, this strategy is then executed (money is charged for spending time on some chemical databases). The resulting hits may be further refined by combining keywords or database fields, respectively, with Boolean operators (Table 5-2). The final results should be saved in electronic or printed form. [Pg.230]

Wet-Process Phosphoric Acid. As indicated in Figure 7, over 95% of the phosphate fertilizer used in the United States is made by processes that require an initial conversion of all or part of the phosphate ore to phosphoric acid. On a worldwide basis also, the proportion of phosphate fertilizer made with phosphoric acid is very high. Thus processes for production of phosphoric acid are of great importance to the fertilizer industry (see PHOSPHORIC ACID AND THE PHOSPHATES). [Pg.224]

A third source of initiator for emulsion polymerisation is hydroxyl radicals created by y-radiation of water. A review of radiation-induced emulsion polymerisation detailed efforts to use y-radiation to produce styrene, acrylonitrile, methyl methacrylate, and other similar polymers (60). The economics of y-radiation processes are claimed to compare favorably with conventional techniques although worldwide iadustrial appHcation of y-radiation processes has yet to occur. Use of y-radiation has been made for laboratory study because radical generation can be turned on and off quickly and at various rates (61). [Pg.26]

Commercial production of PE resias with densities of 0.925 and 0.935 g/cm was started ia 1968 ia the United States by Phillips Petroleum Co. Over time, these resias, particularly LLDPE, became large volume commodity products. Their combiaed worldwide productioa ia 1994 reached 13 X 10 metric t/yr, accouatiag for some 30% market share of all PE resias ia the year 2000, LLDPE productioa is expected to iacrease by 50%. A aew type of LLDPE, compositioaaHy uniform ethylene—a-olefin copolymers produced with metallocene catalysts, was first introduced by Exxon Chemical Company in 1990. The initial production volume was 13,500 t/yr but its growth has been rapid indeed, in 1995 its combiaed production by several companies exceeded 800,000 tons. [Pg.394]

Countries produciug commodity LLDPE and their capacities, as well as production volumes of some U.S. companies, are Hsted iu Table 5. Iu most cases, an accurate estimate of the total LLDPE production capacity is compHcated by the fact that a large number of plants are used, iu turn, for the manufacture of either HDPE or LLDPE iu the same reactors. VLDPE and LLDPE resius with a uniform branching distribution were initially produced in the United States by Exxon Chemical Company and Dow Chemical Company. However, since several other companies around the world have also aimounced their entry into this market, the worldwide capacity of uniformly branched LLDPE resins in 1995 is expected to reach a million tons. Special grades of LLDPE resins with broad MWD are produced by Phillips Petroleum Co. under the trade name Low Density Linear Polyethylenes or LDLPE. [Pg.402]

In 1995, discussions among the United States, the European Community (EC), and Japan occurred to achieve harmonization of dmg and dmg product standards and to provide guidance to the worldwide pharmaceutical industry for acceptance of global regulatory filings. The International Committee on Harmonization (ICH) has proposed initial guidelines for the estabUshment of stabihty studies. [Pg.225]

The only commercially important dialkyl sulfates are dimethyl sulfate and diethyl sulfate. Estimated worldwide production in 1996 for dimethyl sulfate was 90,000 metric tons per year. Dimethyl sulfate was initially made by vacuum pyrolysis of methyl hydrogen sulfate ... [Pg.201]

Between the 1920s when the initial commercial development of mbbery elastomers based on 1,3-dienes began (5—7), and 1955 when transition metal catalysts were fkst used to prepare synthetic polyisoprene, researchers in the U.S. and Europe developed emulsion polybutadiene and styrene—butadiene copolymers as substitutes for natural mbber. However, the tire properties of these polymers were inferior to natural mbber compounds. In seeking to improve the synthetic material properties, research was conducted in many laboratories worldwide, especially in the U.S. under the Rubber Reserve Program. [Pg.530]

Since the mid-1970s, the rate of growth of per capita gasoline consumption has slowed. An important factor in causing this moderation in demand was the trend to improve automobile fuel economy that was initiated by worldwide fuel shortages. Fuel economy hovered around 14.1 mpg between 1955 and 1975 it rose sharply over the next 15 years, reaching around 28.2 mpg in 1990. [Pg.548]

At the age of sixteen, Townes entered Furman University and received two bachelor s degi ees (modern languages and physics) in 193.S. He continued his education, receiving a master s at Uuke University in 1937 and a doctorate at Cal Tech in 1939. In the summer of 1939, Bell Labs hired him. Numerous lines of research were being undertaken simultaneously at Bell Labs. Most of the work done by Townes initially dealt with basic research and the transmission of telephone and television signals. Worldwide political events, however, soon changed this emphasis. [Pg.1141]

The zinc-aluminium alloys are most important. The zinc-55%-aluminium-1.5 -silicon alloy hot-dip coating was initiated over 20 years ago by the steel industry and has recently become of major worldwide importance (known as Galvalume, Zincalume, Alugalva, Aluzink, Aluzinc, Zincalit or Zalutite). The coating usually has 1(X)-4(X)<% more corrosion resistance than galvanising in the atmosphere, but less cathodic protection and also has the inherent problem of aluminium alloys when in contact with alkalis. [Pg.497]

After their initial development in the USA, fusion bonded epoxy coatings (FBE) are now factory-applied worldwide. Their specification as the first choice alternative to enamel coatings is still contested, although important... [Pg.668]

It is now some 20 years since the recognition of Legionella pneumophila in condenser water, and the measures taken by industry to combat the hazards to human health. Worldwide indications are that the initial vigilance and care have lessened in recent years and attention is now drawn again to such precautions [2 7, 28, 28a, 28b]. [Pg.77]

A number of material suppliers offer information on their products on electronic devices (floppy discs, CDs, etc.) for use on personal computers. An important one, called Campus, is a database concept started by four German material manufacturers who use a uniform software. This database, initially developed jointly by BASF, Bayer, Hoechst, and Hulls, provided for other manufacturers to join. The present consortium has more than 50 materials suppliers worldwide. It is given in the form of diskettes in German, English, French, Italian, or Spanish. Each diskette contains the uniform test and evaluation program and the range of the respective material producers. It runs on IBM-compatible personal computers under the MS-DOS operating system. [Pg.414]

According to the Global Initiative for Asthma (GINA, http //www.ginasthma.org), asthma affects about 300 million people worldwide. Men of all ages are affected by this chronic airway disorder that, without appropriate treatment, limits quality of life and is sometimes fatal. [Pg.284]


See other pages where Worldwide initiatives is mentioned: [Pg.37]    [Pg.12]    [Pg.219]    [Pg.161]    [Pg.4]    [Pg.36]    [Pg.19]    [Pg.35]    [Pg.364]    [Pg.563]    [Pg.2238]    [Pg.730]    [Pg.321]    [Pg.115]    [Pg.37]    [Pg.12]    [Pg.219]    [Pg.161]    [Pg.4]    [Pg.36]    [Pg.19]    [Pg.35]    [Pg.364]    [Pg.563]    [Pg.2238]    [Pg.730]    [Pg.321]    [Pg.115]    [Pg.217]    [Pg.332]    [Pg.168]    [Pg.419]    [Pg.232]    [Pg.342]    [Pg.161]    [Pg.21]    [Pg.369]    [Pg.465]    [Pg.180]    [Pg.23]    [Pg.305]    [Pg.416]    [Pg.61]    [Pg.118]    [Pg.293]    [Pg.617]    [Pg.264]   
See also in sourсe #XX -- [ Pg.1181 ]




SEARCH



Worldwide

Worldwide initiatives Association

Worldwide initiatives Cells

© 2024 chempedia.info