White Oils acid treatment

Sulfonic acids can come from the sulfonation of oil cuts from white oil production by sulfuric acid treatment. Sodium salts of alkylaromatic sulfonic acids are compounds whose aliphatic chains contain around 20 carbon atoms. The aromatic ring compounds are mixtures of benzene and naphthalene rings. 

For example, treating petroleum distillates with sulfuric acid is generally applied to dissolve unstable or colored substances and sulfur compounds as well as to precipitate asphaltic materials. When drastic conditions are employed, as in the treatment of lubricating fractions with large amounts of concentrated acid or when fuming acid is used in the manufacture of white oils, considerable quantities of petroleum sulfonic acids are formed ... 

Product quality and manufacturing cost evaluations have made it apparent that many spray, white, and lubricating oils can be benefited by a combination of solvent extraction followed by acid treatment such benefits are further enhanced by utilization of continuous acid treating in place of the classical batch method. 

The oil-soluble sulfonates resulting from the acid treatment of oil boiling above 550° F. are typified by the mahogany or white oil sulfonates which for many years were the unwanted by-products of white oil manufacture, but which in view of recent industrial applications have reversed positions with the former primary product. 

OC and K series), non-marine (D, Ca and C series) and transitional (B series) deposits. Within each series organic matter is often found in quite different facies, for instance acid treatment (Table III) indicates that within the Lothians Upper Oil Shale group samples Cal and Ca6 are carbonate rich (>40%) whereas Cal5 is carbonate poor (2.5%) 5 these differences are obvious within other series as noted in Table III. Microscopical analysis of polished blocks in white and blue light allowed the data in Table II to be compiled. 

Velikovskaya, E. M., and Shikhutskaya, G. M., Neftyanoe Khoz, 1935, No. 12, 62-4. White Oils Obtained by Treatment of the Distillates with Gaseous Sulfur Trioxide. (Sulfonic acids of high quality obtained.)... 

White oils These are highly refined oils which consist entirely of saturated components, all aromatics being removed by treatment with fuming sulphuric acid or by selective hydrogenation. Their name reflects the facts that they are virtually colourless and the most highly refined. White oils are used in medical products and the food industry. 

White oils are prepared by drastic further treatment of lubricant stocks. In the older process the appropriate stock was subjected to successive treatments with sulfuric acid until the refined oil met the desired specifications. Acid-treatment is still used to refine white oils because the other products of the process, mahogany petroleum sulfonic acids, are valuable and useful in their own right. The modern process for making white oils utilizes a severe double hydrogenation followed by clay bleaching. 

To address any concerns that there might be chemical differences between white oils produced by the acid process and hydrotreatment, the mass spectra of Lyondell Duotreat products were compared with those from acid treatment.8 The authors concluded that there was indeed little difference at the same viscosity level (Table 11.3). White oils made by acid treating can have higher sulfur levels than those that are produced by hydrotreating.27... 

In the detergent industry sulphonation processes with sulphuric acid, oleum and SO3-complexes are essentially of historical significance, and are not any longer used in developed countries. In the production of white oils, however, sulphonation with concentrated sulphuric acid and oleum is still used. The sulphuric acid treatment of selected petroleum fractions lead to petroleum sulphonates the sodium or ammonium salts of which are used in tertiary oil recovery, metallurgy, froth flotation and concrete industry, while the magnesium, calcium and barium salts are used as dopes in fuels and lubricants. The sulphonation with chlorosulphonic acid continue to remain useful in batch processes, typically on a relatively small scale ... 

Oil mist, mineral Paraffin oil Paraffinum liquidum Petrolatum liquid Petroleum oil White mineral oil White oil Definition Liq. mixture of hydrocarbons obtained from petroleum by intensive treatment with sulfuric acid and oleum, or by hydrogenation, or a combination consists of predominantly C15-50 sat. hydrocarbons... 

Semi-synthetic oils contain mineral oils of concentrations varying between io% and 50%. They therefore provide more lubrication than synthetic oils. To enable the mineral oil to blend with water and remain in a finely dispersed state requires the addition of emulsifiers (20-40%). These are often based on petroleum sulphonates, which are produced by the sulphuric-acid treatment of spindle oils to produce white oils and carboxylic acids. 

Sorbitan esters of fatty acids are well known as biodegradable water-in-oil emulsifiers which are particularly mild to the skin. They are used, inter alia, as emulsifiers for pharmaceutical and cosmetic formulations, as pigment dispersants in coatings and inks and as emulsifier for mineral oils and white oils in defoamer, synthetic lubricant and metal treatment formulations. Sorbitan monolaurate is employed as an antifogging agent for synthetic resin films and sorbitan monostearate and sorbitan mononooleate as emulsifier for inverse emulsion polymerization. 

Synonyms Heavy mineral oil Light mineral oil Liquid paraffin Liquid petrolatum Mineral oil, white Oil mist, mineral Paraffin oil Paraffinum liquidum Petrolatum liquid Petroleum oil White mineral oil White oil Definition Liq. mixture of hydrocarbons obtained from petroleum by intensive treatment with sulfuric acid and oleum, or by hydrogenation, or a combination consists of predominantly C15-50 sat. hydrocarbons Properties Colorless transparent oily liq., odorless, tasteless insol. in water, alcohol sol, in benzene, chloroform, ether, petrol, ether, carbon disulfide, volatile oils dens, 0,83-0,86 (light), 0.875-0.905 (heavy) flash pt. (OC) 444 F surf tens. < 35 dynes/cm... 

Treatment of the hydronitrates in aqueous solution with sodium carbonate causes evolution of carbon dioxide. Evaporation to dryness, followed by extraction with alcohol or benzene, then yields oils which are probably the selenoxides. These oils with concentrated hydrochloric acid are converted into white solids, crystallisable from benzene, xylene, alcohol or dry ether. These solids are the dichlorides of the original selenides, and when prepared by this method their melting-points are as follows Phenyl methyl selenium dichloride, M.pt. 122° C. phenyl ethyl selenium dichloride, M.pt. 64° to 65° C. diphenyl selenium dichloride, M.pt. 142° C. 

From Lactam 12 To a magnetically stirred slurry of 4-azatricyclo[3.3.2.0 ]deca-6,9-dien-3-one (12, 1.91 g, 0.013 mol) in dry CHjClj (25 mL) was added trimethyloxonium tetrafluoroborate (2.0 g, 0.04 mol) in one portion. During 8 h at rt, a homogeneous solution was obtained. This was carefully treated with 50% aq K2CO3 (5.6 g) the organic portion was filtered through alumina (elution with pentane). Removal of the solvent in vacuo afforded the product yield 1.92 g (92%) as a clear, colorless oil which slowly crystallized. Recrystallization from pentane afforded white needles, mp 49.5-50.5"C. Treatment of an EtjO solution of the product with ethanolic perchloric acid deposited crystals of the perchlorate salt, mp 185.5-186 C (dec. white needles from MeCN/EtjO). 

Uses Prod, of artificial barium sulfate, other barium salts reagent (barium lake formation) lubrication oil additives boiler compounds textile dyeing pigments mfg. of white leather case hardening/heat treatment salts flux in magnesium prod. phosphoric acid purification agent... 

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