Antifogging agents

Antifog agents Antifoggants Antifolate TS inhibitor Antifouling agents Antifreeze... 

H-l,2,3-Benzotriazole, 2-phenyl-oxidation, 5, 721 as photostabilizers, 5, 731 synthesis, 5, 722 Benzotriazoles acylation, 5, 54 antifogging agents... 

Claisen ester condensation, 6, 279 Thiazolecarboxylic acid chlorides reactions, 6, 279-280 Thiazolecarboxylic acid hydrazides synthesis, 6, 280 Thiazolecarboxylic acids acidity, 6, 279 decarboxylation, 6, 279 reactions, S, 92 6, 274 Thiazole-2-carboxylic acids decarboxylation, S, 92 Thiazole-4-carboxylic acids stability, S, 92 Thiazole-5-carboxylic acids decarboxylation, S, 92 Thiazole-4,5-dicarboxylic acid, 2-amino-diethyl ester reduction, 6, 279 Thiazole-4,5-dicarboxylic acids diethyl ester saponification, 6, 279 Thiazolediones diazo coupling, 5, 59 Thiazoles, 6, 235-331 ab initio calculations, 6, 236 acidity, S, 49 acylation, 6, 256 alkylation, S, 58, 73 6, 253, 256 analytical uses, 6, 328 antifogging agents... 

Adhesion promoters Antifogging agents Antistatic agents Antiwear additives Coupbng agents... 

David et al. [184] have shown that cool on-column injection and the use of deactivated thermally stable columns in CGC-FID and CGC-F1D-MS for quantitative determination of additives (antistatics, antifogging agents, UV and light stabilisers, antioxidants, etc.) in mixtures prevents thermal degradation of high-MW compounds. Perkins et al. [101] have reported development of an analysis method for 100 ppm polymer additives in a 500 p,L SEC fraction in DCM by means of at-column GC (total elution time 27 min repeatability 3-7 %). Requirements for the method were (i) on-line (ii) use of whole fraction (LVI) and (iii) determination of high-MW compounds (1200 Da) at low concentrations. Difficult matrix introduction (DMI) and selective extraction can be used for GC analysis of silicone oil contamination in paints and other complex analytical problems. 

Fogging is formation of small water droplets (visible condensation) on the surface of a polymer film. Undesirable effects may result from fog formation, such as reduction of clarity and dripping. Incorporation of antifogging agents eliminates the reduction of transparency by migration to the surface and increases the polymer surface critical wetting tension. This results in... 

ICI Surfactants - Polymer Additives Group, Antifog Agents for Agricultural and Food Packaging Films. Brochure 90-5E (1998). 

Antifog agents like fatty acid esters are used to avoid the formation of water droplets on the film under condensation conditions, e.g., in cling film apphcations at the transition from room temperature to a refrigerated warehouse. The antifog agent is hydrophilic and reduces the surface tension of droplets so that a uniform water film does not impair the clarity of the chng film [23]. 

A reason for the use of multilayer films is to minimize the use of additives. Surface-active additives like slip, antiblock or antifog agents are used only in the outer layers of a multilayer film. The migration of the organic additives and their solubility in the polymers has to be considered. 

UV spectra, 5, 798 Tetrazoles, JV-phenyl-electrophilic substitution, 5, 807 UV spectra, 5, 798 Tetrazoles, phenylmercapto-antifogging agents... 

Pyro tends to oxidize very rapidly in solution and cannot be kept without the aid of preservatives such as sulfuric or other acids, sulfites, etc. Pyro should be added after these preservatives have been mixed with the water. Pyro oxidation products act as strong antifogging agents. 

The visual appearance, clarity in particular, of packed products with high water content (vegetables, fruits, various cheeses, fresh meat) in packaging can be impaired by fogging caused by condensation of water as small droplets on the inside surface of the plastic film. In applications where perforated films with effective water vapor transmission are undesirable, antifogging agents with the properties of surface active substances, such as poly(oxyethylene) sorbitan monooleate are effectively used. 

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