Sample group

Fig. 6. Fiber length distribution for (a) a long sample (group 4) and (b) a short sample (group 7) of chrysotile successive length classes separated by 50 p.m.

N = total group size n = sample group size... 

In general, clinical studies provide evidence on the effects of air pollutants under reproducible laboratory conditions. The exposure level may be accurately determined. The physiological effect may be quantified, and the health status of the subject is well known. This type of study can determine the presence or absence of various endpoints for a given sample group exposed to short-term, low-level concentrations of various air pollutants. 

FIGURE 2-5. Sample Group Charter or Mission Statement... 

Figure 16 Calculated viscosity ratio as function of the halved sample thickness for the four sample groups.

From the difference of these morphological characteristics, a simplified three-layer model could be set up and the inhomogeneous structure could be classified into these three layers. Figure 23 illustrates the relative thickness of the core, transition, and skin layer for the four sample groups, depending on the processing condition. 

This constant value can be taken in turn into the composite functions to calculate the composite properties. A calculation result is illustrated in Fig. 25. For the four sample groups, the calculated layer moduli , are uneven in the cross-section within a composite sample group. The lowest value is still located in the core layer due to the lower deformation and, therefore, the lower... 

In the first LDMS-based detection of malaria in human subjects (unpublished), lOOpl P. falciparum or P. v/vax-infected blood samples, grouped into three different parasitemia ranges—low (10-150 parasites/pl), mid (2 x 103 parasites/pl), and high (25 x 103-60 x 103 parasites/pl)—have been examined using both sample preparation protocols. Parasitemia levels in these samples were previously determined independently for each sample by optical microscopy examination of blood smears. The LDMS data clearly indicate that... 

The multivariate statistical data analysis, using principal component analysis (PCA), of this historical data revealed three main contamination profiles. A first contamination profile was identified as mostly loaded with PAHs. A samples group which includes sampling sites R1 (Ebro river in Miranda de Ebro, La Rioja), T3 (Zadorra river in Villodas, Alava) and T9 (Arga river in Puente la Reina, Navarra), all located in the upper Ebro river basin and close to Pamplona and Vitoria cities,... 

Fig. 4. Piper diagram comparing water monitoring data (Groups 1-3) and contaminated samples (Group 4). From Arne (2005).

The hypothesis states that there is no difference between the sample groups that is, they both are from the same population (H0). 

Background values between different surveys have been assessed in relation to the geology, and sample groups with elevated background values have been levelled. 

Sample group n Range of substitution mol moir Intercept nm Slope nm Reference... 

Table II. Mean concentrations of four Important crustal elements in four aerosol sample groups.

Spectral Studies. UV ABSORPTION. The acetone fractions derived from drinking water exhibited intense UV absorption between 208 and 214 nm this behavior may be attributed to unsaturated acids or esters. The CFH samples presented maximum absorption at 254-256 nm, whereas an aquatic humus sample derived from the Satilla River showed a maximum absorption at 234 nm. Therefore, apparent differences in UV spectra among all sample groups were found. 

Trace elemental analysis of ancient ceramics has been proven a very useful tool for tracing the circulation of this material. Instrumental neutron activation analysis (INAA) was for years the analytical technique of choice to measure the composition of ceramics because of the large number of elements it could determine and its good sensitivity. Lately, a few publications have shown that laser ablation-inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS) could provide similar results as INAA more quickly and at lower cost. A protocol has been developed to determine 51 elements using LA-ICP-MS and tested it on Wari period ceramics previously analyzed using INAA. We show how INAA and LA-ICP-MS analysis lead to the same conclusion in terms of sample groupings. 

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