Waste categories

Waste category Container Auxiliary equipment and conditions of use... 

Records and prints waste disposal manifests on official forms and outputs reports by waste category, transporter, and disposal site. Also records MSDSs. Requires 256K memory. 

U.S. EPA may list a waste as hazardous for any and all of the above reasons. The majority of listed wastes fall into the toxic waste category. To decide if a waste should be a toxic listed waste, U.S. EPA first determines whether it typically contains harmful chemical constituents. An appendix to RCRA contains a list of chemical compounds or elements that scientific studies have shown to have toxic, carcinogenic, mutagenic, or teratogenic effects on humans or other life forms. If a waste contains chemical constituents found on the appendix list, U.S. EPA then evaluates 11 other factors to determine if the wastestream is likely to pose a threat in the absence of special restrictions on its handling. These additional considerations include a risk assessment and study of past cases of damage caused by the waste. 

From these data the percentages of these appliances on the e-waste category that they belong to can be estimated. Once the amount of the studied appliances has been defined, the following subsection presents the content of additives of the selected e-waste devices. 

In a 1987 Federal Register notice, USEPA first defined the three waste categories (pathological waste, laboratory waste, isolation waste) below, which should be treated as infectious ... 

California Dept, of Health Services (1987) Hazardous Waste Information System Command List Report, M.10 "Generation in county with Waste Category". 

Special Updates or Reports on Arsenic and Other Contaminants of Concern (Florida), http //www.dep. state.fl.us/waste/categories/csf/pages/SpecialUpdatesorReports.htm. 

Management and disposal of the wide variety of hazardous wastes has been aided by the development of waste classification systems. The term waste classification refers to broadly defined waste categories related, for example, to properties of waste materials, potential risks to human health that arise from waste management or disposal, or the source of the waste. Ideally, hazardous wastes in the same class should pose similar risks to human health and, thus, require similar approaches to safe management and disposal. 

Early Descriptions of Radioactive Waste Categories. The following sections discuss the earliest categories of radioactive waste that were developed prior to the current legal and regulatory definitions of waste classes. These categories applied only to waste that arises from operations of the nuclear fuel cycle. 

IAEA (1970). International Atomic Energy Agency. Standardization of Radioactive Waste Categories, Technical Report Series No. 101 (International Atomic Energy Agency, Vienna). 

Municipal solid waste Category Capacity/application From Jul./97 To Jun./99 To Jun./03 From Jul./03... 

Other all wastes Category Capacity/application From Jan./Ol To Dec./02 To Dec./05 From Jan./06... 

Hospital/medical waste Category Capacity/application From Aug./04 To Dec./05 To Jun./06 From Jul./07... 

Waste plastics composition varies with collection area, sorting methods and time period, moreover several waste constituent polymer types occur in various waste categories. Nevertheless each customary plastic material will be discussed only in one of the three waste group included in this chapter. 

Numerous industrial solid wastes are disposed of in incinerators that have energy recovery capability. Most of these systems are smaller than MSW incinerators. The compositions of specific industrial wastes are more uniform than those of MSW, but the range of waste categories is so broad that special hardware and furnaces must sometimes be used. Rotary kilns, multihearth furnaces, and fluidized-bed incinerators have been employed for industrial waste incineration systems. 

Despite the paucity and uncertainty of existing data, some states and industries recognized early on that not all hazardous waste facilities pose the same t> pe or level of risk to the environment. California, lexas, Michigan, and Washington State have developed wastes into specific categories to acliieve appropriate levels of regulation. Information on the toxicity and health effects of wastes (or their major components), for example, has been used to define waste categories. Similarly, it is possible to divide up facilities and then match classes of wastes to types of facilities. 

Two methods that immobilize or remove metal pollutants from coal wastes (Category 1) are calcining and preleaching, respectively. Our laboratory results... 

Wastes Generated from Petroleum Refining. Petroleum refining wastes are regulated by EPA in several ways. There are approximately 150 active petroleum refineries in the United States. RCRA Subtitle C currently lists four characteristics as hazardous in 40 CFR 264.21 and. 24 and five waste categories as hazardous in 40 CFR 261.31 and. 32. When most of these wastes were listed beginning in 1980, there were 250-300 active refineries ranging in capacity from about 400,000 barrels (bbl) per day to only a few hundred bbl per day. 

Petroleum Refining Waste. The extent of mismanagement or accidental releases of petroleum refining wastes can be illustrated with the 1995 proposed RCRA listing determination for 16 additional petroleum refining waste categories (of which 3 waste categories were determined to be RCRA hazardous and proposed to be listed in 40 CFR 261). A search of state and federal enforcement records, documented CERCLA-related activities at 10 sites and RCRA-related activities at 29 sites. 

Nonhazardous insoluble liquid waste. Compound such as 1-butanol (discussed above), diethyl ether, and most other solvents and compounds not covered otherwise. In short, this is the traditional organic waste category. 

The results of the inventory on solid wastes are combined to form three waste categories special wastes, wastes resembling domestic refuse and building rubble/ gangue material. 

Waste category Estimated annual generation rate (million tons)... 

From these criteria a number of waste categories may be derived according to further treatment and final disposal requirements. 

EPA Priority Pollutant under Solid and Hazardous Waste Category RCRA Hazardous Waste Number U140... 

Scrubbers (water and aqueous base) for the processing areas Carbon adsorption systems for specific emission points Trim condensers as required in processing vents Thermal oxidizer and stack for process vent emissions Tanks (segregated by waste category, dikes as required)... 

Note These hazard levels are not to be confused with the DOE classification of nuclear waste into high-level, low-level, mixed low-level, transuranic and 1 le(2) byproduct material categories. These nuclear waste categories are established by DOE Order 5820.2A, which can be viewed online at http //www.directives.doe.gov (Dec. 2005). See DOE/EM (1997) for more information on nuclear waste. To reiterate, waste hazard levels are different than laboratory hazard levels, although the defining terminology is similar. 

Radioactive waste also should be stored separately from the main facility to avoid cross-contaminating other waste categories or supplies. Waste minimization... 

It is important to recognize that certain materials in inventory (MIN) may meet the regulatory definition of a waste, and thus be subject to waste management requirements. If MIN chemicals are not reused or exchanged, they fall into the waste category and should be dispositioned [per the DOE Office of Environmental Management s (EM) MIN Initiative]. 

The sustainable landfill is as applicable to "developing" as to "developed" countries, although discussion of current policy, practice and management within this text relates to developed countries only - anotho- book would be required to cover the same in developing countries. The book also focuses on the landfill of municipal solid waste rather than other particular waste categories, as it is often these wastes that provide the greatest problems for these wastes, I attempt to compare policy in Eurt and in the USA. 

Seven wastes Shigeo Shingo developed these waste categories as part of the Just-in-Time philosophy overproduction, waiting, transportation, stocks, motion, defects, and processing. 

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