Waste management requirements

Comparison of Waste Management Requirements, Practices, and Implementation by the U.S. Army and Industry, 56 References, 56... 

COMPARISON OF WASTE MANAGEMENT REQUIREMENTS, PRACTICES, AND IMPLEMENTATION BY THE U.S. ARMY AND INDUSTRY... 

It is important to recognize that certain materials in inventory (MIN) may meet the regulatory definition of a waste, and thus be subject to waste management requirements. If MIN chemicals are not reused or exchanged, they fall into the waste category and should be dispositioned [per the DOE Office of Environmental Management s (EM) MIN Initiative]. 

The ES H Division maintains a web site where MSDSs are available for review for HazCom (Hazard Communication Program) and chemical hygiene plans. MSDS data are collected to satisfy EPCRA reporting requirements and to complete waste disposal forms. All chemical disposals are performed in accordance with General Waste Management Requirements (LIR 404-00-02.2). The Facility and Waste Operations Division is responsible for pickup of waste and deposition to treatment facilities. 

Waste-management requirements applicable to the operation of the HCF are established by DOE Orders and federal, state, and local statutes and regulations. The SNL ES H Center reviews these directives for applicability and implements lab-vwde programs to address the pertinent requirements. Site-specific implementation guidelines are adapted to meet the requirements established by the corporate program and are reviewed for adequacy. 

A clear understanding of solid waste management requires an organisation to be process-centric and involves many interlocking processes - some functional and some cross-functional, and the latter will be built upon the foundation of strong waste management skills and processes [15]. 

Effective solid waste management requires knowledge of factors such as ... 

For a few decades, Kr-85 artificial production shows a continuous increase of its average volumic activity into the atmosphere. In the North hemisphere, the atmospheric concentration was of 0.1 Bq m" in 1959, 0.8 Bq m" in 1980, and 1.2 Bq m in 2001 (Berard et al., 2001). One cannot say that the removal of tritium and krypton from gaseous waste is an immediate waste management requirement, but it may become one in the future (Lennemann et al., 1975). Opinions differ as to the need to isolate Kr-85. Thus, Geary (1988) states that dispersal is almost certainly preferable to disposal, based on the relatively low inventories and hazards involved. Mellinger (1985) suggested that the population risks arising from the routine release of Kr-85 would not exceed the occupational risk associated... 

To achieve the objective of safe radioactive waste management requires an effective and systematic roach within a national framework in which the roles and responsibilities of all relevant parties are defined. Based on the principles set out in the Safety Fundamentals document [1] such a nafional firamework which includes the responsibilities of the parties involved and other inpoitant features (e.g. the licensing process and safety and environmental assessment) has been developed in the Safety Standard "Establishing a national system for radioactive waste management" [2]. 

Responsible radioactive waste management requires the inq)lementation of measures that will afford protection of human health and the environment. Fimdamental safety principles have been developed and their observance will contribute to achieving the objective of radioactive waste management. 

Safe radioactive waste management requires clear allocation of responsibilities to the parties involved (see Principle 6). The overall responsibilities cannot be delegated if work is performed by others, for example by contractors. 

Note that states can and do have more stringent hazardous waste management requirements than the federal. When possible, state and federal differences will be noted in this chapter. However, it s important that you check with your state environmental regulating agency to make sure you are in compliance with all applicable environmental laws. 

HSWA addressed congressional concern about the adequacy of then existing waste management requirements in preventing uncontrolled releases of hazardous constituents or hazardous wastes from hazardous waste management units. Three of the HSWA initiatives were especially noteworthy in preventing or addressing hazardous waste/constituent releases. 

Polymer wastes are expected to reach 10-11% of total wastes by the year 2000 [79]. Polymer waste management requires sound complementary practices of conservation, recycling, incineration and biodegradation-bioconversion. Since biodegradation is potentially the most environmentally friendly of all these practices there is increasing activity in the area of biodegradable polymers as packaging materials [80-86]. 

Waste-management requirements and disposal options are the drivers for research to develop environmentally biodegradable polymers and to establish laboratory testing protocols. It is commercial opportunities that indicate polymer types, structures, properties and uses that dictate waste management and disposal requirements. Disposal methods and locations identify the testing protocols that must be established for polymers in order to evaluate their environmental degradation under laboratory simulated environmental exposure conditions. Major options for the disposal and waste-management of water-soluble polymers are indicated in Fig.2. 

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