Vitamin aspects

Evans WC (1975) Thiaminases and their effects on animals. Vitam Horm 33 467-504 Faivre M, Saif N, Barral C (1975) Accidents de la vitamine Bi2- Lyon Med 233 897-993 Feinberg SM (1948) Anaphylactic shock due to nicotinic acid. NY State J Med 48 635 Fisher AA (1975) Contact dermatitis in surgeons. J Dermatol Surg 1 63-67 Fishman L, Goldstein M (1968) Vitamins in dermatology. J Med Assoc Ga 57 342-346 Folkers K (1969) Survey on the vitamin aspects of coenzyme Q. Int J Vitam Nutr Res 39 334-352... 

L. R. McDowell, Vitamins in Animal Nutrition Comparative Aspects to Eduman Nutrition, Academic Press, Inc., San Diego, CA, 1989, pp. 298—325. Vitamin Nutrition forPoultry, Dept, of Animal Health and Nutrition, Hoffmarm-La Roche, Inc., Nudey, N.J., 1991. 

Various aspects of the chromatography of vitamin B 2 and related corrinoids have been reviewed (59). A high performance Hquid chromatographic (hplc) method is reported to require a sample containing 20—100 p.g cyanocobalamin and is suitable for premixes, raw material, and pharmaceutical products (60). 

Certain groups of organocobalt(III) complexes have been dealt with in previous reviews. The organo-corrinoids have been mentioned in all reviews on vitamin B, 2 since 1961, when the coenzyme form was identified as an organometallic compound [see, for example, (79, 178) and references therein]. The literature on the corrinoids is too extensive to be treated comprehensively here and for details and references readers are referred to the book on The Inorganic Chemistry of Vitamin B,2 (136)certain other aspects of the organometallic chemistry of cobalt corrinoids are treated elsewhere (137). The pentacyanides were reviewed in 1967 (105), the DMG complexes (cobaloximes) in 1968 (145), and some aspects of salen, BAE, and related complexes in 1970 (17). 

One major prerequisite for the maintenance of health is that there be optimal dietary intake of a number of chemicals the chief of these are vitamins, certain amino acids, certain fatty acids, various minerals, and water. Because much of the subject matter of both biochemistry and nutrition is concerned with the smdy of various aspects of these chemicals, there is a close relationship between these two sciences. Moreover, more emphasis is being placed on systematic attempts to maintain health and forestall disease, ie, on preventive medicine. Thus, nutritional approaches to—for example—the prevention of atherosclerosis and cancer are receiving increased emphasis. Understanding nutrition depends to a great extent on a knowledge of biochemistry. 

BOOTHS (2001) Vitamin K and the skeleton, In BurckhardtP, Dawson-Hughes B, Heaney R P, Nutritional aspects of osteoporosis, San Diego, Academic Press, 273-81. 

Lipids may be defined as a large group of molecules with a substantial portion of aliphatic or aromatic hydrocarbon. Included are molecules with diverse chemical characteristics, such as the hydrocarbons, soaps, detergents, acylglycerols, steroids, phospholipids, sphin-golipids, and fat-soluble vitamins, and, subsequently, with diverse physical behavior. One of the most important characteristics of lipids from a biological aspect is their behavior in aqueous environments, as all cells exist in an aqueous milieu. In this respect, the lipids range from almost total insolubility to nearly complete solubility. 

McCain, T. A., in Vitamin D Biochemical, Chemical and Clinical Aspects Related to Calcium Metabolism, A. W. Norman, K. Schaefer, J. W. Coburn,... 

A glance at vitamins in clinical medicine opens a wide panorama with challenging aspects in hepatic conditions, in oxalosis and calculus disease, in obscure, but widely spread neurological diseases, and in many others astute clinical observations, combined with knowledge of the function and mechanism of vitamin action, will bring vitamin analysis into the picture as a useful tool. 

Malabsorption Syndrome, with Special Reference to the Effects of Wheat Gluten (Frazer), 5, 69 Mellituria, Nonglucose (Sidbury), 4, 29 Microbiological Assay Methods for Vitamins (Baker and Sobotka), 5, 173 Organic Acids in Blood and Urine (Nordmann and Nordmann), 4, 53 Paper Electrophoresis Principles and Techniques (Peeters), 2, 1 Paper Electrophoresis of Proteins and Protein-Bound Substances in Clinical Investigations (Owen), I, 238 Parathyroid Function and Hyperparathyroidism, Biochemical Aspects of (Nordin), 4, 275... 

Coenzyme A (CoA), 20 249—250. See also Ace to acetyl- Co A in citric acid cycle, 6 633 Coenzyme Q10, 17 673 Coercivity, ofM-type ferrites, 11 70 Coextruded food packaging, 18 44, 45 Coextrusion techniques, for gelatin capsule preparation, 11 549 Cofactors, 10 253 11 4 folic acid, 25 801-802 for enzymes, 3 672-673 protein, 20 828-829 vitamin B12, 25 804 vitamins as, 25 781 Coffea arabica, 7 250 Cojfea Canephora, 7 250 Coffea liberica, 7 250 Coffee, 2 108 6 366 7 250-271 biotechnology, 7 265-267 decaffeinated, 7 263 economic aspects, 7 263-264 estimated maximum oxygen tolerance, 3 381t... 

Once the "synthesis tree" has been elaborated, we must proceed to the evaluation of the alternative pathways and compare them with possible synthetic schemes in order to optimise the chosen route and make it as self-consistent as possible. However, all synthetic plans must be flexible enough to allow new alternative solutions when things do not happen as anticipated. In this sense. Woodward referred very often to opportunism and of taking advantage of the "surprises" which may occur during the execution of a synthesis. Through the different stages of a synthesis new aspects may evolve and even important discoveries may be made. Such was the case, for instance, in the vitamin B12 synthesis in which the considerations of the stereochemistry of an intermediate, opposite to the one anticipated, led Woodward to the discovery of the principle of conservation of orbital symmetry [29]. 

Vitamin B6 pyridoxal phosphate chemical, biomedical, and medical aspects, Part A. 

The number of vitamin B 12-dependent reactions is not large. Most of these involve rearrangements of the carbon skeletons of metabolites. Such reactions are important in linking some aspects of fatty acid metabolism to the citric acid cycle. In another form, a vitamin Bi2-derived coenzyme is involved, along with folic acid coenzymes, in the metabolism of one-carbon fragments, including the biosynthesis of methionine. 

The small family of molecules known as vitamin D is essential for bone health and other aspects of human well-being. Rickets and osteomalacia are vitamin D deficiency diseases. 

Biesalski, H. K., and Stofft, E. (1992). Biochemical, morphological, and functional aspects of systemic and local vitamin A deficiency in the respiratory tract. Ann. NY Acad. Sci. 669, 325-331. 

Nutritional status can also influence the toxic potency of carbon tetrachloride. Animal studies have clearly demonstrated that brief fasting or consumption of diets low in antioxidants (vitamin E, selenium, methionine) can lead to increased carbon tetrachloride hepatotoxicity. The same may be true for humans, although this is not known for certain. Another aspect of nutritional status affecting carbon tetrachloride toxicity is hepatic energy status. Hepatic ATP levels might influence the ultimate outcome of toxicity (low levels may inhibit recovery mechanisms). 

Combs GF. The Vitamins Fundamental Aspects in Nutrition and Health (2nd ed.). San Diego Academic, 1998. 

Health aspects. A low level of Co, chiefly in the vitamin B12 complex, is necessary for human health. The LD50 (oral rat) for CoCl2 6HOH is about 750 mg/kg, values for other soluble Co(II) salts are similar, and that for insoluble C03O4 is about 1.7 g/kg. 

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