Vinyl thermoplastics poly

Poly(vinyl chloride). Poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC) [9002-86-2] is a thermoplastic for building products. It is prepared by either the bulk or the suspension polymerization process. In each process residual monomer is removed because it is carcinogenic. Oxygen must be avoided throughout the process (see Vinyl polymers). 

At the same time, natural adhesives such as casein glues, animal glue and polysaccharide gums have gradually been replaced by synthetic adhesives vinyl thermoplastic adhesives [poly(vinyl acetate)], adhesives obtained by reticulation in situ of two components (as epoxy resins), represent very important materials in this field. 

HMX HMX HMX HMX HMX HMX HMX HMX HMX HMX HMX HMX HNS NTO NTO/HMX NTO/HMX NTO/HMX PETN PETN PETN PETN PETN PETN PETN PETN PETN PETN RDX RDX RDX RDX RDX RDX RDX RDX RDX RDX RDX RDX RDX TATB/HMX Cariflex (thermoplastic elastomer) Hydroxy-terminated polybutadiene (polyurethane) Hydroxy-terminated polyester Kraton (block copolymer of styrene and ethylene-butylene) Nylon (polyamide) Polyester resin-styrene Polyethylene Polyurethane Poly(vinyl) alcohol Poly(vinyl) butyral resin Teflon (polytetrafluoroethylene) Viton (fluoroelastomer) Teflon (polytetrafluoroethylene) Cariflex (block copolymer of butadiene-styrene) Cariflex (block copolymer of butadiene-styrene) Estane (polyester polyurethane copolymer) Hytemp (thermoplastic elastomer) Butyl rubber with acetyl tributylcitrate Epoxy resin-diethylenetriamine Kraton (block copolymer of styrene and ethylene-butylene) Latex with bis-(2-ethylhexyl adipate) Nylon (polyamide) Polyester and styrene copolymer Poly(ethyl acrylate) with dibutyl phthalate Silicone rubber Viton (fluoroelastomer) Teflon (polytetrafluoroethylene) Epoxy ether Exon (polychlorotrifluoroethylene/vinylidine chloride) Hydroxy-terminated polybutadiene (polyurethane) Kel-F (polychlorotrifluoroethylene) Nylon (polyamide) Nylon and aluminium Nitro-fluoroalkyl epoxides Polyacrylate and paraffin Polyamide resin Polyisobutylene/Teflon (polytetrafluoroethylene) Polyester Polystyrene Teflon (polytetrafluoroethylene) Kraton (block copolymer of styrene and ethylene-butylene)... 

Amoco Resin 18. [Amoco] Poly-a-methylstyrene extrusion and mending process aid in ABS, PVC, CPVC, and semirigid vinyl, thermoplastic urethanes, molded rubbers, and thermoplastic elastomers modifier and rein-forcer in adhesives, thermoplastic powd. coatings, hot-mielt coatings. 

Plastisols and organosols are a special case of physically drying coatings systems in which the binders consist of finely dispersed poly( vinyl chloride) or thermoplastic poly(meth)acrylates suspended in plasticizers. Organosols also contain some solvent. On drying at elevated temperatures, the polymer particles are swollen by the plasticizer, a process known as gelation. 

The wide variety of applications of anaerobic adhesives and sealants is made possible by the modifications that make the viscosity appropriate to the application. An application that requires penetration into close-fitting parts should have very low viscosity, while a produet used with large, loose-fitting parts should have a high viscosity. A styrene aerylate eopolymer could be used to increase the viscosity [59]. Polymethacrylates, eellulose esters, butadiene-styrene eopolymers, acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene copolymers, poly(vinyl ehloride), copolymers of vinyl chloride and vinyl acetate, poly(vinyl aeetate), eellulose ethers, polyesters, polyurethanes, and other thermoplastic resins have also been used to eontrol the flow eharacteristics of anaerobic sealants [60]. The flow eharaeteristies of anaerobic formulations can also be controlled by the addition of fumed siliea and other solid additives whieh can impart thixotropic properties [61]. 

Synthetic polymers are relatively recently introduced materials. The natural fiber wool has already been used since antiquity, but the first completely synthetic fibers have only been in use since 1940. Iron has been known as a working material for thousands of years, but the oldest thermoset, phenolic resin, has only been known since 1906, and the oldest completely synthetic thermoplast, poly(vinyl chloride-co-acetate), has only been commercially produced since 1928. Large-scale application of elastomers has only been known since the beginning of the 19th century, when natural rubber was used, but the first commercial synthesis of a completely synthetic elastomer, poly(2,3-dimethyl butadiene), was only made in 1916. Since this time, the commercial production of thermoplasts, thermosets, chemical fibers, and synthetic rubbers has increased strongly (Figure 33-2). 

A low temperature extrusion coatable grade heat-sealable biodegradable pol5mrer resin is thermoplastic poly(vinyl alcohol) resin or starch-based low density poly(ethylene) pol5mer resin. 

Thermoplasts are non-cross-linked materials whose application temperatures lie below and whose processing temperatures lie above their glass-transition temperatures (if amorphous) or melting temperatures (if partially crystalline). Above these temperatures, their viscosities are lower by orders of magnitude the materials can consequently be heat-formed. At the processing temperatures, however, they still show elastic characteristics, and are, therefore, viscoelastic substances. As a rule, they show no plasticity, so that the name thermoplast is incorrect. In order to be used as a thermoplast, a material must consist of non-cross-linked or, at the most, weakly cross-linked molecules. Typical thermoplasts are, according to their behavior, poly(ethylene) and other poly(olefins), poly(styrene), poly(vinyl chloride), poly(methyl methacrylate), and polyamides. 

Polyvinyl chloride (PVC) (1933) n. Poly (vinyl chloride), poly(l-chloro-ethylene). A vinyl polymer which is similar to polyethylene, but on every other carbon in the backbone chain, one of the hydrogen atoms is replaced with a chlorine atom. It is produced by the free radical polymerization of vinyl chloride. A white, water-insoluble, thermoplastic resin, derived by the polymerization of vinyl chloride. A hard and tough plastic solid. Stabilizers are necessary to prevent discoloration from exposure to light and heat. Used for plastics and coatings. Commonly known as vinyl. Abbreviation is PVC See image). 

Mouth PrOtOCtOrS. The widespread growth of contact sports has accelerated the use of mouth guards (34,35). Guards may be produced from natural rubber, poly(vinyl chloride), poly(vinyl acetate-co-ethylene), or polyurethane materials. Customized guards are often fabricated from poly(vinyl acetate-co-ethylene) blanks, soft acrylic dough, liquid rubber latex, polyurethane, and laminated thermoplastic (36,37). Over the counter protectors usually fit poorly, in contrast to dimensionally stable and comfortable, customized mouth protectors. 

A wide range of adhesive types and chemistries are used to bond wood elements to one another (Table 2), but relatively few adhesive types are utilized to form the composites themselves. The vast majority of pressed-wood products use synthetic thermosetting adhesives. In North America the most important wood adhesives are the amino resins (qv), eg, urea-formaldehyde (UF) and melamine-formaldehyde (MF), which account for 60% by volume of adhesives used in wood composite products, followed by the phenolic resins (qv) eg, phenol-formaldehyde (PF) and resorcinol-formaldehyde (RF), which account for 32% of wood composite adhesives (12,13). The remaining 9% consists of cross-linked vinyl (X-PVAc) compounds, thermoplastic poly(vinyl acetates) (PVA), soy-modified casein, and polymeric diphenylmethylene diisocyanate (pMDI). Some products may use various combinations of these adhesives to balance cost with performance. 

Kulkami [154] has reported a polyaniline blend with a thermoplastic polymer such as poly(vinyl chloride), poly(ethylene terephthalate) with a conductivity oflO-20 S cm at a loading level of 15-30 vol% of the conducting phase. However, the conductivity of a polyaniline blend with vinyl elastomers has been reported to be around 1-5 S cm [155]. 

Bakelite was a thermoset that is, it did not flow after the synthesis was complete (20). The first synthetic thermoplastics, materials that could flow on heating, were poly(vinyl chloride), poly(styrene-5t t-butadiene), polystyrene, and polyamide 66 see Table 1.8 (20). Other breakthrough polymers have included the very high modulus aromatic polyamides, known as Kevlar (see Section 7.4), and a host of high temperature polymers. 

Usually, only intercalated structures with low poly(styrene sulfonate), poly(vinyl sulfonate), poly(acrylic acid), poly(ethylene oxide), and dioctyl sulfosuccinate LDH nanocomposites.Thermoplastic nanocomposites based on LDH are usually prepared by solution intercalation or in situ polymerization. In our previous work we showed that it is also possible to get delamination of LDH in thermoplastic polymers by melt compounding when a suitable inter-or intralayer composition of LDH and proper processing conditions are selected. ... 

Poly(vinylchloride). Cellular poly(vinyl chloride) is prepared by many methods (108), some of which utili2e decompression processes. In all reported processes the stabili2ation process used for thermoplastics is to cool the cellular state to a temperature below its second-order transition temperature before the resia can flow and cause coUapse of the foam. 

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