Balance costs

Busses are typically made of aluminum or copper and are rigid bars in the substation, insulated from gi ound and other equipment through ample insulating material, typically air or sulfurhexafluoride. The arrangement of the busses in the substation may fall into a number of different categories the most common are illustrated and explained in Table 1. The appropriate selection of configuration is made by carefully balancing cost, reliability, control, and space... 

Deciding which risk-reduction method to use maybe difficult. In many instances, appropriate decisions can be made without resorting to quantitative techniques. However, in some cases, particularly when the options are costly, quantitative risk analysis (QRA) and risk-based decision-making approaches may be an effective basis for measuring the improvement in safety arising from the proposed options. These approaches can also be used in prioritizing safety improvements and balancing cost and production issues. 

The need to balance costs against benefits both in the public and private sectors resulted in a search for methods of predicting the fate and effects of chemicals in the environment. Actual field testing of all cases of interest is both too costly and too dangerous to perform. Mathematical models, therefore, have been developed to provide descriptive tools and predictive approaches to this problem. At the symposium on which this book is based, a collection of user-oriented information was presented and covered the following aspects of environmental fate modeling ... 

Choice of the ideal animal model to test tissue engineered strategies has to balance cost and relevance. The naturally occurring macaque model would be a primary choice however, the costs may be prohibitive, especially for the academic arena. Other large animals such as goats and sheep may also pose cost limitations... 

The position sensor PASE from emz otters a balanced cost effectiveness. The sensor is based on (he principle of the halt effect. Tie output of the sensor, chat turns tu minus, results from the "open collector"- execution. The sensor is supplied with 12 VDO via a coded RAST 2.5 plug connection. 

Many benefits can be realized by applying pharma-coeconomic principles and methods to evaluating pharmacy services. Economic assessments can assist in balancing cost and outcome when determining the... 

Equation (2) is the basis for balancing assets against equities at any given instant. A similar equation can be presented for balancing costs and profits over any given time period. The total income must be equal to the sum of all costs and profits, or... 

National Pharmaceutical Council (NPC). Disease Management Balancing Cost and Quality. An annotated bibliography of studies on the benefits of disease management services for the treatment of asthma. National Pharmaceutical Council, Reston, VA, 2002, pp. 1-51. 

Although ASA has been marketed for more than 30 years, it is still a product with a considerable potential for new applications owing to the well-balanced cost-property relationship. The strength of ASA lies in the unique combination of its good weatherability, toughness, surface properties and resistance to chemicals. To be successful as an ASA supplier in the future the following prerequisites seem to be mandatory back integration for the main raw materials, innovative process and development, development of new applications coupled with a reliable and skilled technical customer support service. 

Advantages There are obvious advantages in using sclerotherapy (i.) high efiectiveness, (2.) low complication rate, (3.) no deleterious effects on haemodynamics or liver function, (4.) simplicity of use, (5.) patient acceptance, and (6.) well-balanced cost-benefit ratio. 

New Health Care Model Balances Cost, Quality, Shifts Power to Patients. PR News Wire, Nov, 1999. 

The principles and methods of pharmacoeconomics provide the means to quantify the value of pharmacotherapy through balancing costs and outcomes. Providing quahty care with minimal resources is the future, and the future is here. By understanding the principles, methods, and application of pharmacoeconomics, health care professionals wih be prepared to make better, more-informed decisions regarding the use of pharmaceutical products and services, that is, decisions that ultimately represent the best interests of the patient, the health care system, and society. 

Historically, most of the oxides that were used in refractory applications were traditional ceramics prepared from clays or other readily available mineral-based raw materials. The major categories of traditional refractories are fire clays, high aluminas, and silica [1], The choice of material for traditional refractory applications, as with advanced material applications, was and is based on balancing cost and performance/lifetime. The ultimate use temperatures and applications for some common refractories are summarized in Table 1 [2, 3], The production, properties, and uses of some of these materials are discussed in more detail in the other chapters... 

Evaporators. Evaporation is empirical and a lot of the information is available only in manufacturers files it is also true that there are a wide variety of problems and solutions. Each problem is affected by a variety of variables and must be treated individually. The best solution depends on the local conditions, properties of material, plant heat balance cost, and the availability of utilities like power, steam, and cooling water. 

Murray, B.C., Newell, R.G., Pizer, W.A., 2D08, Balancing Costs and Emissions Certainty An Allowance Reserve for Cap-and-Trade, Working Paper NIWP 08-03, Nicholas Institute for Environmental Policy Solutions, Duke University, EHirham, NC. 

In determining the final structure of a recycling program it is necessary, of course, to balance costs with benefits. The program attributes that maximize convenience usually increase costs, and education and motivation activities also have associated costs. A key factor is whether the amount of additional materials collected justifies the investment required. 

Hardware and software - constitutes the physical infrastructure, computer code, user interfaces, operating system and other software dependencies which make up the technical system. These components will typically be assembled according to a strategic architecture drawn np by the manufacturer or healthcare organisation and designed to balance cost, performance, functionality and resilience. 

Pinkus, Rosa Lynn B. Shuman, Larry J. Hummon, Norman R Wolfe, Harvey. (1997). Engineering Ethics Balancing Cost, Schedule, and Risk - Lessons Learned from the Space Shuttle (Cambridge University Press Cambridge, MA). 

Radiation grafting has been investigated now for several years as an attempt to balance cost and stability in the development of proton-conductive membranes. Partially fluorinated polymers like perfluoroethylenepropylene (FEP) [159-161] or poly(vinylidene fluoride)(PVDF) [162, 163] are submitted to gamma [159, 160] or electron [162, 163] radiation and immersed in a mixture of styrene and divinyl benzene (for crosslinking) ... 

Abstract Many companies are making significant efforts in the development of prototypes of DAFC (mainly DMFC) for replace batteries (battery charge and auxiliary power units) in portable devices. Some of the most relevant prototypes are summarized however, most of these devices are not ready to be commercialized due to the high cost and low power reached. Furthermore, for the massive application of the DAFC technologies is necessary solve some of the drawbacks (as miniaturization, products balance, cost reduction, etc.). The cost of the prototypes is analyzed as well as the degradation of the components that affects the durability of the devices. 

Last but not least, fundamental issues for the deployment of direct alcohol fuel cells—applicaticsi niches, costs, and durability—are introduced in Chap. 9. The major drawbacks for commercialization, such as miniaturization, product balance, cost reduction, and Ufetime extension, are addressed. 

Electricity distribution systems are a vital infrastructure in modem society. The management of such systems consists of balancing cost, performance and risk - taking into account different aspects such as economic performance, quality of supply, safety and environmental impacts (Brown Spare 2004 Sand et al. 2007). These aspects often constitute conflicting objectives in the decision making processes. 

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