Vinyl pyrrolidone copolymer

Waters (see 2006-2007 Catalog, SPE products) Oasis HLB Divinylbenzene-N-vinyl-pyrrolidone copolymer Reversed phase with some hydrogen bond acceptor and dipolar reactivity Rosuvastatin (71) NSAIDs (72) fexofenadine (73) catechins (74) valproic acid (75)... 

For example, butyl acrylate vinyl pyrrolidone copolymers... 

Narayanan, K.S., M. Singh, and R.K. Chaudhuri (1993). The reduction of herbicide leaching using vinyl pyrrolidone copolymers and methyl vinyl ether maleic acid ester copolymers. In P.D. Berger, B.N. Devisetty, and F.R. Hall, eds., Pesticide Formulations and Application Systems, Vol. 13. Philadelphia, PA American Society for Testing and Materials, pp. 57-75. 

Beiner et al. modified a divinylbenzene/A-vinyl pyrrolidone copolymer, containing sulfonic acid groups, with several metal ions. The modified cation-exchange material was used for the extraction of thiols, sulfides, and methyl thiophosphates from water samples, with LODs in the upper ng/1 range after elution with a CSi/toluene mixture and analysis by GC/MS. 

Glycolide L-lactide copolymers Lactide trimethylene carbonate copolymers Lactide tetramethylglycolide copolymers Lactide a-valerolactone copolymers Methacrylate N-vinyl-pyrrolidone copolymers Lactic acid ethylene oxide copolymers... 

DMA has been applied to the determination of Tg in neoprene, styrene-butadiene, polyisoprene, polybutadiene, polychloroprene, nitrile ethylene-propylene-diene, and butyl rubbers [4], polybutadiene [10], glass-filled low-density polyethylene [11], PU, PMMA, polyimides, acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene terpolymer, PET, and Nylon 6 [2], bisphenol-A epoxy diacrylate, N-vinyl pyrrolidone copolymer, and trimetholpropane triacrylate [5]. 

Partially neutndized carboxylated polymer solutions can also be reacted with polyepoxides to crosslink via chemical bond formation yielding tacky electrically conductive hydrogels for biomedical electrodes (31). Low molecular weight di-, tri-, or tetraaldehydes react with N-(3-aminopropyl)methacrylamide/N-vinyl pyrrolidone copolymers to form chemically bonded crosslinks giving hydrogels, adhesives, and coatings (52). 

T. Ohno and Y. Nishio, Estimation of miscibility and interaction for cellulose acetate and butyrate blends with N-vinyl pyrrolidone copolymers. Macromol. Chem. Phys. 208, 622-634 (2007). 

Low-molecular-weight anionic copolymers prepared from acrylic acid and MA offer potential in many applications requiring dispersants.The MA-co-vinyl pyrrolidone copolymer was believed to also exhibit potential use as a dispersant and oil well drilling mud additive. However, the availability... 

Sambasivudu, K., Maheedhar, G., Rao, V. S., Kumar, M. V. S., Shailaja, D. (2006), Synthesis and amphiphilic 4-vinyl pyridine and N-vinyl pyrrolidone copolymer beads. Journal of Applied Polymer Science, 102, 192-7. 

Figure 2. Relative contact angle hysteresis for various hydrogels and dimethyl siloxane - vinyl pyrrolidone copolymers (SIL-g-PVP). The value obtained for agarose gels containing more than 90% water is also induced (from ref. 7).

The successful development of eye contact lenses led in turn to a demand for soft contact lenses. Such a demand was eventually met by the preparation of copolymers using a combination of an acrylic ester monomer such as methyl methacrylate, a cross-linkable monomer such as a dimethacrylate, and a monomer whose homopolymer is soluble or highly swollen in water such as N-vinyl pyrrolidone. Such copolymers swell in water (hence the term hydrophilic), the degree of swelling being controlled by the specific type and amount of the monomers used. In use the lens is swollen to equilibrium in water, a typical soft lens having a water content of about 75%. 

Copolymers of vinyl pyrrolidone with vinyl acetate, styrene and ethyl aerylate have been marketed by the General Aniline and Film Corporation. See also section 18. 

Several wide-porous affinity and size-exclusion chromatographic supports were prepared by Ivanov, Zubov et al. by means of acylation of aminopropyl-glass supports by copolymers of N-vinyl pyrrolidone (N-VP,1) and acryloyl chloride (AC,2), M = 7700 and 35000 respectively [50, 51]. The copolymers prepared by free radical copolymerization contain their units almost in equimolar proportion, with high tendency to alternation expected from the copolymerization parameters (rj = 0.035, r2 = 0.15 [52]). Residual carbonyl chloride groups of the chemisorbed copolymer could be transformed to 2-hydroxyethylamides which were solely... 

Galactosylated chitosan prepared from lactobionic acid and chitosan with l-ethyl-3-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)-carbodiimideand N-hydroxysuccinimide was a good extracellular matrix for hepatocyte attachment [155] (Fig. 4). Furthermore, graft copolymers of galactosylated chitosan with poly(ethylene glycol) or poly(vinyl pyrrolidone) were useful for hepatocyte-targeting DNA carrier [156,157]. 

In 1968, a French Patent issued to the Sumitomo Chemical Company disclosed the polymerization of several vinyl monomers in C02 [84], The United States version of this patent was issued in 1970, when Fukui and coworkers demonstrated the precipitation polymerization of several hydrocarbon monomers in liquid and supercritical C02 [85], As examples of this methodology, they demonstrated the preparation of the homopolymers PVC, PS, poly(acrylonitrile) (PAN), poly(acrylic acid) (PAA), and poly(vinyl acetate) (PVAc). In addition, they prepared the random copolymers PS-co-PMMA and PVC-co-PVAc. In 1986, the BASF Corporation was issued a Canadian Patent for the preparation of polymer powders through the precipitation polymerization of monomers in carbon dioxide at superatmospheric pressures [86], Monomers which were polymerized as examples in this patent included 2-hydroxyethylacrylate and iV-vinylcarboxamides such as iV-vinyl formamide and iV-vinyl pyrrolidone. 

Many vinyl monomers were reported to have been grafted onto fluoropolymers, such as (meth)acrylic acid and (meth)acrylates, acrylamide, acrylonitryl, styrene, 4-vinyl pyridine, N-vinyl pyrrolidone, and vinyl acetate. Many fluoropolymers have been used as supports, such as PTFE, copolymers of TFE with HFP, PFAVE, VDF and ethylene, PCTFE, PVDF, polyvinyl fluoride, copolymers ofVDF with HFP, vinyl fluoride and chlorotrifluoroethylene (CTFE). The source of irradiation has been primarily y-rays and electron beams. The grafting can be carried out under either direct irradiation or through the use of preliminary irradiated fluoropolymers. Ordinary radical inhibitors can be added to the reaction mixture to avoid homopolymerization of functional monomers. 

When dopa was oxidized using the PIPo-Cu catalyst, the distinguished acceleration was observed as compared with the PVIm-Cu or imidazole-Cu catalysts (Fig. 6). An increase in content of the N-vinylpyrrolidone residue in the PIPo copolymer caused higher activity of the Cu complex for the dopa oxidation. The similar acceleration was also produced when N-methyl-pyrrolidone was added to the system of PVIm-Cu. However, nearly 103 fold concentration of the pyrrolidone residue was necessary as compared with the PIPo copolymer. Addition of homopolymer of N-vinyl-pyrrolidone to PVIm-Cu caused no acceleration. 

We focus here on a different type of monomer, N-vinyl pyrrolidone (NVP). This monomer is extensively used in the coating industry to add strength, dye receptivity, hardness, hydrophylicity and improved adhesion to copolymers of acrylate systems. Further note has been made of NVP use because of its low viscosity and its ability to enhance curing. (1-2)... 

A very interesting modification of the system was examined by Ferguson and McLeod. The authors replaced poly(vinyl pyrrolidone) with copolymers vinyl pyrrolidone-styrene or vinyl pyrrolidone-acrylamide. It was found that the mechanism of polymerization is the same as in the presence of homopolymer (PVP). However, the rate of polymerization decreases rapidly when vinyl pyrrolidone concentration in copolymer decreases. The concentration of vinyl pyrrolidone residues was kept equimolar to the concentration of acrylic acid. It was stressed that structure of template and, in the case of copolymeric template, sequence distribution of units play an important role in template effect. 

The total concentration of complex formed during the complexation is proportional to X. During template polymerization of acrylic acid, a stable colloidal precipitate resulted in the systems under investigation, and turbidity measurements could be used, assuming that direct reading from the turbidimeter (in logarithmic scale) is proportional to the amount of polymeric product. The assumption was checked by calibration procedure. The light absorption (%) is proportional to the concentration of poly(acrylic acid)-poly(vinyl pyrrolidone) mixture.100% conversion was assumed when no increase in turbidity was detected by the recorder. In the case when copolymers were used as templates, the apparatus was calibrated for each copolymers separately. 

A similar procedure was described by Eboatu and Ferguson. An object of analysis was the complex obtained by template polymerization of acrylic acid in the presence of poly(vinyl pyrrolidone). The polycomplex was dispersed in dry benzene and treated with diazomethane. The insoluble portion was filtered. The filtrate containing poly(methyl acrylate) was concentrated and finally dried. The insoluble fraction was scrubbed with methanol to extract polyCvinyl pyrrolidone). The residue was further washed with methanol and then dried. These three portions were characterized by IR spectroscopy. It was found that only about 70% separation of the complex is achieved. The occurrence of inseparable portion is attributed to a graft copolymer formation. For the separated... 

For (a), hydroxypropyl cellulose (HPC) (6-8), poly(vinyl pyrrolidone) (PVP) (9,10), poly(acrylic acid) (PAA) (9), and poly(dimethyl siloxane) (PDMS) (11) are usually employed. Ober et al. reported that the copolymers of isobutylene/isoprene and various methacrylates, which have weak polarity, are appropriate stabilizers for... 

Fontana and Thomas25) estimated LH from the sedimentation rate of carbon-black particles covered with poly(lauryl methacrylate) (PLMA) or stearyl methacrylate/N-vinyl-2-pyrrolidone copolymer (PAM/A-VP). The values of LH for PLMA were 20 to 40 A, while those for PAM-VP were 210 40 A. 

Linear NIPAM-co-VP copolymers As discussed in the Experimental Section, hydrophilic comonomer, vinyl pyrrolidone (VP), can be purposely copolymerized into PNIPAM at two different temperatures, 30 °C and 60 °C, respectively, below and above the LCST of PNIPAM homopolymer. At each temperature, the copolymers with two different VP/NIPAM ratios (5 and 10 mol%) were prepared. A proper fractionation of resultant copolymers led to narrowly-distributed long NIPAM-co-VP copolymer chains with a similar length and VP/NIPAM ratio, but different comonomer distributions. 

A novel attempt was made to realize different IPN architectures in a composite system of cellulose/poly(AT-vinyl pyrrolidone-co-glycidyl methacrylate) (CELL/P(VP-co-GMA)) [73]. The copolymer-rich compositions (4-19 wt % CELL) were synthesized successfully via photopolymerization in the gel state of cellulose impregnated with a monomer mixture of VP and GMA, resulting in the development of a semi-IPN-like organization (Fig. 5a) within the copolymerized bulks. An additional treatment of the as-polymerized composites ([O]-series) with 50% formic acid or 3% sodium hydrox-... 

Miyashita et al. carried out miscibility characterization of CA blends with poly(N-vinyl pyrrolidone) (PVP), poly(vinyl acetate) (PVAc), and poly(N-vinyl pyrrolidone-co-vinyl acetate) random copolymers [P(VP-co-VAc)s] [ 104]. On the basis of thermal transition data obtained by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), a miscibility map (Fig. 8) was completed as a function of the degree of substitution (DS) of CA and the VP fraction in P(VP-co-VAc). Figure 9 compares results of the DSC measurements between two blending pairs of CA/P(VP-co-VAc) corresponding to the polymer combinations marked as A and B in Fig. 8. In the data (Fig. 9b) for the blends of CA (DS = 2.95) with P( VP-co-VAc) of VP = 51 mol %, we can readily see a sign of poor miscibility, as is evidenced from the lack of an appreciable shift in the... 

Droxifilcon-A copolymer of HEMA and MA modified with p oly (2-vinyl-pyrrolidone) 47 Accugel Strieter Labs... 

Copolymers of vinyl pyrrolidone and vinylacetate (PVP-co-VAc) are of interest, especially in the cosmetic industry because by reducing the hydroscopicity of PVP, they increase their adhesiveness. 

Vinyl 2-pyrrolidone copolymers with alkyl acrylates (16)... 

VP/MAcrCI copolymer of N-vinyl-pyrrolidone and methacrylic chloride... 

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