Galactosylated chitosan

Galactosylated chitosan prepared from lactobionic acid and chitosan with l-ethyl-3-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)-carbodiimideand N-hydroxysuccinimide was a good extracellular matrix for hepatocyte attachment [155] (Fig. 4). Furthermore, graft copolymers of galactosylated chitosan with poly(ethylene glycol) or poly(vinyl pyrrolidone) were useful for hepatocyte-targeting DNA carrier [156,157]. 

Fig. 11 (a) Structure of galactosylated chitosan. Figure reproduced with permission from [102], 1996 Elsevier, (b) Structure of lactose conjugated chitosan. Figure reproduced with permission from [134], 2006 American Chemical Society... 

Kim TH, Kim SI, Akaike T et al (2005) Synergistic effect of poly(cthylcniminc) on the transfection efficiency of galactosylated chitosan/DNA complexes. J Control Release 105(3) 354-366... 

Jiang H, Kwon J, Kim Y et al (2007) Galactosylated chitosan-graft-polyethylenimine as a gene carrier for hepatocyte targeting. Gene Ther 14(19) 1389-1398... 

Park IK, Ihm JE, Park YH et al (2003) Galactosylated chitosan (GC)-graft-poly(vinyl pyrrolidone) (PVP) as hepatocyte-targeting DNA carrier. Preparation and physicochemical characterization of GC-graft-PVP/DNA complex (1). J Control Release 86 349-359... 

Park YK, Park YH, Shin BA et al (2000) Galactosylated chitosan-graft-dextran as hepatocyte-targeting DNA carrier. J Control Release 69(1) 97-108... 

Seo SJ, Choi YJ, Akaike T, Higuchi A, Cho CS (2006) Alginate/galactosylated chitosan/hep-arin scaffold as a new synthetic extracellular matrix for hepatocytes. Tissue Eng 12(1) 33 4... 

Scheme 20.4 Synthesis of galactosylated chitosan. Source From Ref. [76].

Gao S, Chen J, Dong L, et al. (2005). Targeting delivery of oligonucleotide and plasmid DNA to hepatocyte via galactosylated chitosan vector. European J. of Pharmaceutics and Biopharmaceutics. 60 327-334. 

Chung TW, Yang J, Akaike T et al (2002) Preparation of alginate/galactosylated chitosan scaffold for hepatocyte attachment. Biomaterials 23 2827-2834... 

Park IK, Yang J, Jeong HW et al (2003) Galactosylated chitosan as a synthetic extracellular matrix for hepatocytes attachment. Biomaterials 24 2331-2337... 

Feng ZQ, Chu X, Huang NP et al (2009) The effect of nanofibrous galactosylated chitosan scaffolds on the formation of rat primary hepatocyte aggregates and the maintenance of liver function. Biomaterials 30 2753-2763... 

In another interesting report, Jiang et al. showed the successful liver transfection after IP administration of galactosylated chitosan-graft-PEI (GC-g-PEI). Significant GFP expression was observed after IP administration of the polyplexes prepared from GC-g-PEI which was in agreement with the results of the successful in vivo biodistribution using Tc-GC-g-PEI by the same route of administration." Apart from successful DNA delivery by injectable carriers. 

Sashiwa, H., Thompson, J. M., Das, S. K., Shigemasa, Y., Tripathy, S., and Roy, R. 2000. Chemical modification of chitosan Preparation and lectin binding properties of a-galactosyl-chitosan conjugates. Potential inhibitors in acute rejection following xenotransplantation. Biomacromolecides 1 303—305. 

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