Vehicle options

Vehicle Option Package Towing Capacity (In Pounds) Feature Comfort Option Level... 

Dincer I (2010) Economic and environmental comparison of conventional and alternative vehicle options, hr Pistoia G (ed) Electric and hybrid vehicles— power sources, models, sustainability, infrastructure and the market Elsevira, Amsterdam... 

The program s Phase I consists of (a) measuring emissions for a number of fuels and vehicles (b) modelling to predict the ozone impact from these emissions and (c) conducting an economic analysis for the foel/vehicle options to provide a range of potential costs to reach the air quality... 

Based on the above analysis, the paper presents reliability functions for the operation of the lane until two critical states are reached, i.e. when the average delay is 280 seconds and 360 seconds (Fig. 4), and the length of residual queues amounts to 7 and 10 vehicles (option 2). 

The many options available for lift trucks f l into two classes vehicle specialties, which include controls, transmissions, guards, etc. and accessories, which are devices that handle specific types of loads (Fig. 21-55). Included in this second category are high-lift masts, up to 7 m (24 ft) handhng attachments for circular products, such as drums and roll goods attachments such as carton clamps and the fork side-to-side shifting mechanism. 

Nickel-Hydrogen, Nickel-Iron, and Nickel-Metal Hydride. First developed for communication satellites in the early 1970s, nickel-hydrogen batteries are durable, require low maintenance, and have a long life expectancy. The major disadvantage is the high initial cost. For these batteries to be a viable option for electric vehicles, mass production techniques will have to be developed to reduce the cost. 

The light weight and mechanical efficiency not only allow the bicycle to be powered by a nonathlet-ic human, but it can be walked over extreme terrain, or laden ivith heavy cargo, or picked up and carried. These options make the bicycle more versatile than any other vehicle, and allow a bicycle user door-to-door, on-dcinand transport. 

The primary inconvenience is the relative slowness and lack of comfort, especially during days of inclement weather. Many millions of Americans live gi eat distances from where they work. Some might consider bicycling five miles to work each day, but few live that near to work. The typical 20-or-30-mile commute makes bicycling an unrealistic option for most people. And for those who do live close to work, few are willing to brave the elements to bicycle year around. Ram, snow, ice, high winds, extreme cold, and extreme heat that are minor inconveniences in a vehicle become major inconveniences on a bicycle. Thus, for backup, bicycle riders usually must own a vehicle for had weather days, or have access to convenient mass transit. 

Burke, A. F. (1996). Hybrid/Electric Vehicle Design Options and Evaluations. Paper 920447 (Februai y ). Warrendale, PA Society of Automotive Engineers. 

Compared with other alternative motor fuel options (reformulated gasoline, compressed or liquefied natural gas, ethanol from corn or coal, methanol and electricity), propane has the lowest greenhouse gas emissions except for natural gas. According to a 1998 study by the Institute of Transportation Studies, greenhouse emissions from propane vehicles arc 21.8 percent less than from gasoline or diesel. 

South Coast Air Quality Management District. (1998). Rule 2202—On-Road Motor Vehicle Mitigation Options Status Report. Diamond Bar, CA Author. 

Photographs of the proposed site are useful and a site layout drawing is needed, but a perspective artistic impression showing buildings with architectural facades, vehicles and other site activities improves the presentation. Employing three-dimensional models discussed in Section 7.3 helps communication and allows layout options to be easily demonstrated and discussed. 

This paper explores the use of plastics in cars to make them more environmentally friendly. It lists major environmental issues. It then discusses in detail the positive role of plastics during the lifetime of a car (more plastics means less fuel consumption), the fact that automotive plastic parts are user-friendly and safe, the current and future uses of plastics in cars, recovery options for plastics in end-of-life vehicles, mechanical recycling (which is the best recovery option for many large automotive parts), energy recovery (the solution for small plastic parts), and feedstock (or chemical) recycling. Lastly, the way forward is considered. 

The previous section has evidenced that NH3-SCR technology has been used successfully for more than two decades, to reduce NOx emissions from power stations fired by coal, oil and gas, from marine vessels and stationary diesel engines. NH3-SCR technology for high-duty diesel (HDD) vehicles has also been developed to the commercialization stage and is already available as an option in the series production of several European truck-manufacturing companies starting from 2001. For mobile source applications, the preferred reductant source is aqueous urea, which rapidly hydrolyses to produce ammonia in the exhaust stream. 

Thomas, C.E., B.D. James, F.D. Lomax and I.F. Kuhn, Societal Impacts of Fuel Options for Fuel Cell Vehicles, Society of Automotive Engineers Technical Paper No. 982496, Fuels and Lubricants Meeting and Exposition, San Francisco, CA, October 19-22,1998. 

Thomas, C. et al., Fuel options for the fuel cell vehicle Hydrogen, methanol or gasoline, Int. J. Hydrogen Energ., 25, 551, 2000. 

This terminal point in hydrogen production can be used for refueling hydrogen-powered or hydrogen transport vehicles. There is also an option to canalize hydrogen in a natural gas (NG) pipeline provided that the distance from the WF is fairly short. Flydrogen injection in NG pipelines may improve NG energy properties [45]. 

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