Automotive parts

Klaus Abend "Fully automated Dye-Penetrant Inspection of Automotive Parts", 1998 SAE Int. Congress and Exposition, Detroit 23 - 26 Feb. 1998. 

Acetal Resins. These are high performance plastics produced from formaldehyde that are used for automotive parts, in building products, and in consumer goods. Acetal resins (qv) are either homopolymers or copolymers of formaldehyde. Typically, the resin is produced from anhydrous formaldehyde or trioxane. The acetal resins formaldehyde demand are 9% of production (115). 

Product Utilization. Zinc phosphate coatings form the basis for paint adhesion in a variety of industries. These are used when long-term quahty is of concern in appHcations such as for automotive parts and vehicles, cod-coated products, and appHances. 

The pelargonic acid by-product is already a useful item of commerce, making the overall process a commercial possibiUty. The 13-carbon polyamides appear to have many of the properties of nylon-11, nylon-12, or nylon-12,12 toughness, moisture resistance, dimensional stabiUty, increased resistance to hydrolysis, moderate melt point, and melt processibiUty. Thus, these nylons could be useful in similar markets, eg, automotive parts, coatings, fibers, or films. Properties for nylon-13,13 are = 56 (7 and = 183 (7 (179). 

Historically, strontium metal was produced only in very small quantities. Rapid growth of metal production occurred during the late 1980s, however, owing to use as a eutectic modifier in aluminum—silicon casting alloys. The addition of strontium changes the microstmcture of the alloy so that the siUcon is present as a fibrous stmcture, rather than as hard acicular particles. This results in improved ductility and strength in cast aluminum automotive parts such as wheels, intake manifolds, and cylinder heads. 

Dip and Spin Coating. The dip coating technique described for webs can also be used to coat discrete surfaces such as toys and automotive parts. The surface to be coated is suspended on a conveyor and the part dipped into the coating solution. The surface is then removed, the coating drains, then levels to give the desired coverage. The object is then dried or cured in an oven. 

Impact polystyrenes have found use in the manufacture of refrigerator door liners and in packaging. They are also commonly used for appHance housings, radio and television cabinets, sporting goods, toys, cameras, furniture, luggage, pipe and fittings, automotive parts, and women s shoe heels (96). 

The resins have wide appHcation. In nonreinforced form they serve as insulating coatings for electrical coils (46—47). As fiber reinforced resins, they can be made by reaction injection mol ding into laminates, castings, and coatings (48—49). Fiber-reinforced resins are used in marine appHcations (recreational boats) automotive parts (50) bathroom countertops and shower stalls and tubs and more recendy as baUistic protection for military vehicles and aircraft. 

Freeze-Resistant Polymers. Chloroprene homopolymers made at conventional polymerization temperatures of 40—50°C are not sufftcientiy freeze resistant for some appHcations. In particular, automotive parts such as belts, boots, and air springs are used in dynamic appHcations and need... 

Cadmium. In 1989, U.S. consumption of cadmium for coatings was 1474 t (7), compared to 1552 t in 1970, 2089 t in 1979, and 1230 t in 1985. Cadmium plating amounts to about 15% of total cadmium production (see Cadmiumand cadmium alloys). Of the cadmium being plated in 1989, 30% was for automotive parts, over 22% for electronics, and 18% for industrial fasteners. Because of cadmium s high and weU-pubHcized toxicity and very tight waste restrictions, there are considerable efforts to develop alternative materials, and the quantities of cadmium used in electroplating ate expected to decrease. The price of cadmium anodes in early 1993 was about l/kg. 

The price of these rubbers has become such that for many applications they have been replaced by less expensive alternatives. These include the use of EPDM rubbers for automotive parts not requiring oil resistance and plasticised PVC for applications where flexibility rather than high elasticity is required. 

G-F Most conventional processes Molded appliance and automotive parts, garden hose, vending machine tubing... 

In general, SMC moulds less well than DMC on intricate shapes but it is particularly suitable for large shell-like mouldings - automotive parts such as... 

The improved physical and mechanical properties of the wood-plastic composites lead to a diversity of applications, e.g., automotive parts, furniture, construction (e.g., building panel, flooring veneers), toys, cutlery handles, industrial pattern, sports equipment, musical... 

The main use of ethylene-propylene rubber is to produce automotive parts such as gaskets, mechanical goods, wire, and cable coating. It may also be used to produce tires. 

London, 24th-25th Oet.1994, p.165-75. 42C12 RECYCLING OF AUTOMOTIVE PARTS... 

This paper explores the use of plastics in cars to make them more environmentally friendly. It lists major environmental issues. It then discusses in detail the positive role of plastics during the lifetime of a car (more plastics means less fuel consumption), the fact that automotive plastic parts are user-friendly and safe, the current and future uses of plastics in cars, recovery options for plastics in end-of-life vehicles, mechanical recycling (which is the best recovery option for many large automotive parts), energy recovery (the solution for small plastic parts), and feedstock (or chemical) recycling. Lastly, the way forward is considered. 

The updated situation of Recycling Thermoset Composites in Japan is diseussed. The dismantling or cutting up of ships, baths, water tanks, and automotive parts are eovered. Recyeling methods include pyrolysis and incineration. Details are also given of uses for recycled materials such as automotive parts, building materials and cement additives. 18 refs. 

Prodnction of Nylon-6 from caprolactam is an important global industrial process. Of the several billions of pounds of caprolactam produced armually, most is polymerized to Nylon-6 [1]. Nylon-6 polymer is used in the manufacture of carpets, automotive parts and sporting goods as well as in films and packaging. 

Obviously, there exists severe interplastics competition, e.g. PP vs. ABS, clarified PP vs. PS, PA, PVC, HDPE and PS (Table 10.7). A wide range of cross-linked and thermoplastic elastomer applications, from footware to automotive parts and toothbrushes, are adopting new metallocene-catalysed polyolefin elastomers (POEs). These low-density copolymers of ethylene and octene were first accepted as impact modifiers for TPOs, but now displace EPDM, (foamed) EVA, flexible PVC, and olefinic thermoplastic vulcanisates (TPVs). Interpolymer competition may also result from... 

An increasing variety of automotive parts is being made by thermoforming processes. Many of these products are made from rubber-toughened polypropylene, which are relatively stiff and can withstand a high level of physical abuse over a ivide range of temperatures. When such parts are used in high visibility areas, such as wheel arches, air dams, truck fenders, and... 

Polyesters, which are a class of engineering thermoplastics, are found in a wide variety of applications including carbonated drink bottles, fibers for synthetic fabrics, thin films for photographic films and food packaging, injection molded automotive parts, and housings for small appliances. In this chapter, we svill explore the synthesis of this class of polymers. We will also look at the typical properties and end uses for the most common of these resins, polyethylene terephthalate and polybutylene terephthalate, which are commonly known as PET and PBT, respectively. 

---