Societal impact

Environmental Problems. In The European Transition from Oil Societal Impacts and Constraints on Energy Policy, ed. by G. T. Goodman, L. A. Kiistoferson, and J. M. Hollander. London Academic Press. 

Environmental and Societal Impacts Group National Center for Atmospheric Research... 

Depression is a common, serious, sometimes fatal illness that is chronic and recurrent in nature, impairs family life, reduces social adjustment, and is a burden on the community (Klerman and Weissman, 1992). This disease chronicity magnifies hoth its societal impact and its economic burden. It has been estimated that more than 17% of the disability associated with mental disorders is the result of depressive disorders (Rosenbaum and Hylan, 1999), and that the global burden of depression, measured in terms of disability-adjusted life years, will rank second only to ischaemic heart disease by the year 2020 (Murray and Lopez, 1996). 

TES systems can contribute to increased sustainability as they can help extend supplies of energy resources, improve costs and reduce environmental and other negative societal impacts. 

Studies show that children are getting heavier as time goes on. A comparison of childhood obesity studies completed in 1961 against similar studies completed today revealed that the incidence of childhood obesity has doubled. This trend exposes an ever-increasing number of children both to the societal impacts of being overweight and to a number of... 

Thomas, C.E., B.D. James, F.D. Lomax and I.F. Kuhn, Societal Impacts of Fuel Options for Fuel Cell Vehicles, Society of Automotive Engineers Technical Paper No. 982496, Fuels and Lubricants Meeting and Exposition, San Francisco, CA, October 19-22,1998. 

Even the use of chemical equipment and laboratories has an impact on society. Labs cost money to operate they need repairs equipment needs maintenance and spare parts. Chemicals must be properly shipped, stored, and disposed of. Lab emissions may foul the air, water, and land to a noticeable degree. The total research system—personnel, lab, equipment, and material—has economic and societal impacts. The allocation of funding, quality of laboratory safeguards, and emphasis on one research topic or another impact on both the scientific and non-scientific community and include societal factors. 

Standing back now from the detail, and placing Richardson s entire scientific work in perspective, he made enormous academic contributions as well as doing work having important societal impact. From the standpoint of organic chemistry, his rules for nucleophilic displacement linked together an extensive collection of his own... 

Careful, rigorous societal impact analyses of both primary and secondary effects should be evaluated prior to the enactment of each and every regulation. 

Products and processes all have a natural life cycle. For example, the life cycle of a product starts from the extraction of raw materials for its production and ends when the product is finally disposed. In the production, use and disposal of this product, energy is consumed and wastes and emissions are generated. A life-cycle assessment is an analysis in which the use of energy and materials are quantified and the potential environmental and societal impacts are predicted. Life-cycle thinking is progressively being adopted by industry as an... 

Our work has certainly had a strong societal impact, but this may in fact have delayed the Nobel Prize. Some may have thought that our research was too relevant, too applied. However, what is applied to some is fundamental to others. There are still people who doubt the validity of our claims in spite of all the hard evidence, but remember how many years it took Einstein s theory of relativity to get universally accepted. I am, of course, not comparing myself with Einstein. 

In today s world, there are growing calls for companies to move beyond being responsible to shareholders for financial performance and become accountable to stakeholders for their wider economic, environmental, and societal impacts. The risk is that if customers believe that a company is not behaving ethically they are more likely to vote with their wallets and make their protest known by boycotting products or services. At a time of unprecedented scrutiny for companies, made easier by the CNN/Internet world, there is simply no hiding place. ... 

India rather than in the United States, Japan, and Western Europe. Technology transfer from U.S. universities to small start-up companies will likely continue. Federal funding programs for the formation of small businesses (such as the Small Business Innovation Research program) will become more critical for moving fundamental advances in chemistry to applications with societal impact. 

To carry out a comprehensive analysis of the often inconsistent and incomplete database on OPs and CMs is often a highly demanding task for risk assessors and decision makers. The situation is especially difficult if one wishes to combine analytical thinking with professional risk assessment and management that also takes into consideration societal impact, perception of risks, and the. significance of the.se compounds to society. 

These considerations lead to the most problematic part of definitions and interpretation of terms the acceptable risk, sometimes also called limit risk. A totally risk free activity, also referred to as zero risk, is feasible only if the activity is not exercised If it has been decided to go for a quantitative risk statement, this is unavoidably accompanied by the request for a scale to enable the assessment of the result. The definition of such a scale presents a subjective decision on the acceptability of risk, which splits the scale into the regions dangerous or hazardous and safe . The value for the limit risk has to be fixed in such a way that it takes into account the acceptability for the damage facing party and at the same time the tolerability from a third parties point of view. With this background it becomes obvious that the definition of a limit risk comes close to a philosophical task on the political field with societal impact. 

Catalysis, or the use of a substance (the catalyst) to accelerate the rate of a chemical reaction, is the most important application of micro- and mesoporous materials, particularly zeolites. The societal impact of zeolites in petroleum refining cannot be overstated. The scope of zeolite catalysis is sufficientiy broad that it is impossible to cover here but at the most introductory of levels. The following section will focus on three aspects of zeolite catalysis (1) impact in the petrochemical industry, (2) nonpetro-chemical acid-catalyzed reactions, and (3) reduction/oxidation (redox) reactions. 

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