Nickel—hydrogen battery

J. E. Clifford and E. W. Brooman, Asessment of Nickel—Hydrogen Batteries for Terrestrial Solar Applications, SAND80-7191, Sandia National Laboratories, 1981. 

Nickel-Hydrogen, Nickel-Iron, and Nickel-Metal Hydride. First developed for communication satellites in the early 1970s, nickel-hydrogen batteries are durable, require low maintenance, and have a long life expectancy. The major disadvantage is the high initial cost. For these batteries to be a viable option for electric vehicles, mass production techniques will have to be developed to reduce the cost. 

The reaction of hydrogen at the nickel electrode determines the rate of selfdischarge in nickel-hydrogen batteries. 

Nickel—hydrogen batteries offer long cycle life that exceeds that of other maintenance-free secondary battery systems and accordingly makes it suitable for many space applications. Three types of separator materials have been used for aerospace Ni—H2 cells— asbestos (fuel-cell-grade asbestos paper), Zircar (untreated knit ZYK-15 Zircar cloth),and nylon. 

In year 2000, Japan supplied over 90% of the nickel-hydrogen battery separators globally. °... 

Developed in the 1960s, it makes use of different technologies for its electrodes NiO(OH) is from nickel cadmium and H2 from fuel-cell systems. Because of its longer cycle life the main use of the nickel-hydrogen battery is in aerospace applications to replace the nickel cadmium cells. For example, the Hubble Space Telescope launched in 1990 was equipped with nickel-hydrogen cells [12]. 

Nickel-hydrogen batteries (Ni/T ) were developed in 1970 for aerospace applications. These batteries are a combination of the Ni-Cd technology (Ni electrode) and the fuel-cell technology (H2 electrode). They use nickel hydroxide as cathode active material, a hydrogen electrode as anode, and an aqueous solution of potassium hydroxide as electrolyte. Asbestos (fuel-cell grade asbestos paper) and Zircar (untreated knit ZYK-15 Zircar cloth) are used... 

Nickel and its alloys are extensively used in electrochemical applications due to its good corrosion resistance. In battery applications, nickel is used as the positive electrode in nickel-cadmium, nickel-iron, nickel-zinc, and nickel-hydrogen batteries, and as anodes in fuel cells, electrolyte cells and electro-organic syntheses . Because of the importance of nickel in battery applications, electrochemical properties of nickel have been studied for more than IOC years since 1887 when Dun and... 

Dunlop, J., Rao, G.M., Yi, T.Y. (1993) NASA Handbook for Nickel-Hydrogen Batteries, NASA Reference Publication, p. 1314. 

Dunlop, J. (1984) Nickel-Hydrogen Batteries, in Handbook of Batteries C Fud Cells, Ch. 4 (ed. D. Linder). McGraw-Hill, New York. 

Nechev, K DaCosta, D.H. (1997) A low pressure bipolar Nickel-Hydrogen battery, in Proceedings of 12th Annual Battery Conference (eds H.A. Frank, E.T. 

Nickel-hydrogen battery 21 - 35 wt % [8, 22] Generally lithium hydroxide [23]... 

---