US National Health and Nutrition

NHANES US National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey rT3 Reverse triiodothyronine... 

Normal, elevated, or reduced serum levels of thyrotropin (TSH) have been reported in the geriatric population. The Whickham study showed a progressive increase in TSH concentrations in women, associated with a rise in the titers of thyroid autoantibodies (Tunbridge et al., 1977). Data from the US National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES III) indicated that serum TSH values rose from a median value of 1.26 mU/1 in... 

In contrast, in 8083 women of childbearing potential in the 2005-2006 US National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, higher serum folate concentrations were associated with a lower risk of high total serum IgE concentrations, atopy, and wheezing [32 ]. There was a dose-response relationship between higher serum folate concentrations and lower risks of these outcomes, and the associations were independent of age, sex, race/ethnicity, and poverty. 

Loveless SE, Hoban D, Sykes G et al (2008) Evaluation of the immune system in rats and mice administered linear ammonium perfluorooctanoate. Toxicol Sci 105(l) 86-96 Lundin JI, Alexander BH, Olsen GW et al (2009) Ammonium perfluorooctanoate production and occupational mortality. Epidemiology 20(6) 921-928 Maras M, Vanparys C, Muylle F et al (2006) Estrogen-like properties of fluorotelomer alcohols as revealed by MCF-7 breast cancer cell proliferation. Environ Health Perspect 114(1) 100-105 Melzer D, Rice N, Depledge MH et al (2010) Association between serum perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) and thyroid disease in the US National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Environ Health Perspect 118(5) 686-692... 

Given these conclusions, the obvious question is, "What are the implications for the public health " First, what portion of the population is at risk Based on data from the National Center for Health Statistics (1982), approximately 3.6 million live births occurred in the United States in 1980. Data from the US National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey for about the same period (February 1979 to February 1980) indicate that about 27% of the women of child-bearing age had PbB concentrations of 10 /ig/dl or more cf. Schwartz et al, 1985). Thus, nearly 1 million infants may have been bom in the United States around 1980 to mothers with maternal PbB levels high enough to put the infants at risk for developmental impairments. Blood lead levels in the United States have probably declined somewhat since then due to reduced ambient levels (Schwartz et al, 1985), but the scope of potential concern is still significant, particularly in parts of the world where ambient levels may be greater. 

Ford, E. S., Giles, W. H. 8c Dietz, W. H. (2002). Prevalence of metabolic syndrome among US adults findings from the third national health and nutrition examination survey. JAMA, 287, 356-9. 

Brody DJ, Pirkle JL, Kramer RA, et al. 1994. Blood lead levels in the US population. Phase 1 of the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES III, 1988 to 1991). J Am Med Assoc 272 277-283. 

Bazzano LA, He J, Ogden G, Vupputuri S, Loria C, Meyers L, Meyers L and Whelton PK. 2002. Fruit and vegetable intake and risk of cardiovascular disease in US adults the first national health and nutrition examination survey epidemiologic follow-up study. Am J Clin Nutr 76 93—99. 

Hnizdo, E., Sullivan, P. A., Bang, K. I., and Wagner, G. (2002). Association between chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and employment by industry and occupation in the US population A study of data from the third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Am. J. Epidemiol. 156, 738-746. 

Arbes, S. Jr., Gergen, P., Elliott, L., and Zeldin, D. 2005. Prevalences of positive skin test responses to 10 common allergens in the US population Results from the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. J Allergy Clinical Immunol 116(2) 377-383. 

Data from Ford ES, Giles WH, et al. Population distribution of high-sensitivity C-reactive protein among US men findings from National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 1999-2000. Clin Chem 2003 49 686-90 Yamada S, Gotoh T, et aJ. Distribution of serum C-reactive protein and its association with atherosclerotic risk factors in a Japanese population Jichi Medical School Cohort Study, Am J Epidemiol 2001 153 1183-90. 

Ford ES, Giles WH, et al. Population distribution of high-sensitivity C-reactive protein among US men findings from National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 1999-2000. Clin Chem 2003 49 686-90. 

Johnson CL, Rifldnd BM, Sempos CT, CarroU MD, Bac.horik PS, Briefel RR, et al. Declining serum total cholesterol levels among US adults. The National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys. JAMA 1993 269 3002-8. 

NHANES. National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, Hyattsville Maryland US Department of Health and Human Services, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Health Statistics, 1999. 

Jones CA, McQuillan GM, Kusek JW, Eberhardt MS, Herman WH, Coresh J, et al. Serum creatinine levels in the US population Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Am J Kidney Dis 1998 32 992-9. 

He J, Ogden LG, Bazzano LA, et al. Dietary sodium intake and incidence of congestive heart failure in overweight US men and women First National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey Epidemiologic Follow-up Study. Arch Intern Med 2002 162 1619-1624. 

Park Y-W, Zhu S, Palaniappan L, et al. The metabolic syndrome prevalence and associated risk factor findings in the US population from the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 1988-1994. Arch Intern Med 2003 163 427-436. 

Ford ES, Giles WH, Dietz WH. Prevalence of the metabolic syndrome among US adults findings from the third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. JAMA 2002 287 356359. 

Briefel RR, McDowell MA, Alaimo K, Caugh-MAN CR, Bischof AL, Carroll MD and Johnson CL (1995) Total energy intake of the US population the third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 1988—1991. Am J Clin Nutr 62 1072S-1080S. 

Alaimo K, McDowell MA, Brieeel RR, Bischoe AM, Caughman CR, Loria CM and Johnson CL (1994) Dietary intake of vitamins, minerals, and fiber of persons ages 2 months and over in the United States Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, Phase 1, 1988-91. US Department of Health and Human Services ((PHS) 95-1250 4-2511). 

Recent studies from the US reported that all urine samples obtained from 2820 US residents in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (2001—2002) contained perchlorate with a median value of 3.6 o,g/l (Blount et al., 2006a, b), and that in women, but not in men, with a urinary iodine <100 j,g/l, there was an inverse correlation of urine perchlorate with serum T4 values and a direct correlation with serum TSH values (Blount et al., 2006a, b). However, we have recently assessed urine perchlorate concentrations in 398 first-trimester pregnant women, residing in Wales and Italy, with a median value of 2.7 xg/l and low urine iodine values <100 j,g/l, and found no correlation between urine perchlorate and serum free T4 and TSH concentrations (Pearce et al., 2007a). Further studies are underway to obtain more information on this obviously important public health issue. 

Benoit SR, Mendelsohn AB, Nourjah P, Staffa JA, Graham DJ. Risk factors for prolonged QTc among US adults Third National Health and Nutrition Survey. EurJ Cardiovasc Prev Rehabil (2005) 12, 363-8. 

Fulgoni, V. L., Ill, Dreher, M., and Davenport, A. J. 2013. Avocado consumption is associated with better diet quality and nutrient intake, and lower metabolic syndrome risk in US adults Results from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2001-2008. Vute J. 12 1. 

---