Median values

Phthalates in Air. Atmospheric levels of phthalates in general are very low. They vary, for DEHP, from nondetectable to 132 ng/m (50). The latter value, measured in 1977, is the concentration found in an urban area adsorbed on airborne particulate matter and hence the biological avaUabUity is uncertain. More recent measurements (52) in both industrial and remote areas of Sweden showed DEHP concentrations varying from 0.3 to 77 ng/m with a median value of 2 ng/m. ... 

Reprinted with the special permission of Dun Bradstreet International. Numbers above are median values. 

Comparative Company Data Table 9-24 gives comparative company data that have oeen compiled by Dun Bradstreet For various types of processing industries. The median value for each ratio is given. 

Electrical and Instrumentation Estimation These costs usually range from 4 to 10 percent of the total installed plant cost, with a median value of about 7.5 percent. As with piping estimation, the process design must be almost completed before detailed drawings and specifications can be prepared for estimating purposes. However, actual elec trical costs can be up to 100 percent higher than estimated costs, and so it is important to attempt to maintain the accuracy range within reasonable hmits. 

The component failure rate data used as input to the fault tree model came from four basic sources plant records from Peach Bottom (a plant of similar design to Limerick), actual nuclear plant operating experience data as reported in LERs (to produce demand failure rates evaluated for pumps, diesels, and valves), General Electric BWR operating experience data on a wide variety of components (e.g., safety relief SRV valves, level sensors containment pressure sensors), and WASH-1400 assessed median values. 

Data point A numerical estimate of equipment reliability as a mean or median value of a statistical distribution of the equipment s failure rate or probability. 

Error factor The ratio of the 95th percentile value to the median value of a lognormal distribution. 

Median Value oi Cost/Life-Year Saved For Five Regulatory Agencies SOURCE Tengs, 1995... 

Select a median value of Fj = 17, because freedom to operate above and below the design value is preferred in this case. 

The catalyst manufacturers control PSD of the fresh catalyst, mainly through the spray-drying cycle. In the spray dryer, the catalyst slurry must be effectively atomized to achieve proper distribution. As illustrated in Figure 3-10, the PSD does not have a normal distribution shape. The average particle size (APS) is not actually the average of the catalyst particles, but rather the median value. 

Considering a median value of 106"1 possible structures in chemical space clearly indicates that the number of possible structures available is far too large for complete coverage by chemical synthesis and biological screening. It has been... 

Populations are very large collections of values. In practice, experimental pharmacology deals with samples (much smaller collections) from a population. The statistical tools used to deal with samples differ somewhat from those used to deal with populations. When an experimental sample is obtained, the investigator often wants to know about two features of the sample central tendency and variability. The central tendency refers to the most representative estimate of the value, while the variability defines the confidence that the estimate is a true reflection of that value. Central tendency estimates can be the median (value that divides the sample into two equal halves) or the... 

H.L. Stalcup (Ref 28) evaluated the instru- -ment for the particle size determination of HMX used in rocket formulations. He found that Coulter Counter distribution was similar to that obtained with the Micromerograph except at the large particle end, where the Micromerograph indicated particles over lOOp compared to 32 p for the Coulter Counter. Median values were 13.5p by Micromerograph and 16 p for the Coulter Counter. The samples for the Coulter Counter were run on an as received basis, ie, while still water-isopropanol wet ... 

Data from Blake [45]. Median values for compounds classified as launched drugs. 

This work. Mean (median) values for marketed drugs from GVKBIO Drug Database. 

The following is an example of a box plot of seizure data by treatment at each of three visits. This first example is created with the traditional PROC GPLOT. This box plot has boxes that span the interquartile range and whiskers that extend to the maximum and minimum values. Also, a connecting line joins the median values for each treatment. 

The median values of REM sleep latency, total time asleep, and SWS (in minutes and as a percentage of total time asleep) were lower, and REM sleep (percent) values were found to be higher, in depressive disorders than in all other psychiatric conditions. However, the statistical differences between depressed patients and other psychiatric categories were far less evident. Indeed, no sleep variable reliably distinguished depressed patients from those with other psychiatric disorders. The investigators concluded that sleep disturbances are associated with most psychiatric disorders, although the most widespread and most severe disturbances are found in patients with depressive disorders (Van Bemmel 1997). 

Indoor air radon concentrations measured in a randomly selected sample of 220 Irish houses have been found to range from about 20 Bq/nr to as high as 1740 Bq/nr with a median value of 61 Bq/nr. Using current dose estimation methods the estimated effective dose equivalents due to radon daughter inhalation in these houses are 1.6 mSv/year (median value) and 46 mSv/year (maximum value). 

Fig. 1. Result from the subset analysed so far. The data are binned in metallicity to reflect the typical uncertainty on our determination of [Fe/H], marked by horizontal error-bars. The median value of 5(My) in each metallicity bin is plotted as filled squares, with the vertical error-bars representing its associated error. For comparison we also plot the empirical results from [5] in two Cepheid fields in Ml 01 (open circles and solid line) and the theoretical predictions by [2] from non-linear pulsational models (dashed line)...

The pixel values are sorted out in ascending order in the median value method whereby ix> i2> i >. .. > i . Therefore, the median value of the intensity of the foreground is ... 

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