Urine chorionic gonadotropin

It is well known that prolan, the gonadotropic hormone from pregnancy urine (chorionic gonadotropin) rapidly disappears from the blood after its injection. 

Positive urine human chorionic gonadotropin followed by positive ultrasound, fetal heart sounds, and/or fetal movement. Pregnancy Dating and Gestational Age Calculated from the first day of the last menstrual period. 

Stimulation of spermatogenesis in gonadotropin (FSH, LH) deficiency can be achieved by injection of HMG and HCG. HMG or human menopausal gonadotropin is obtained from the urine of postmenopausal women and is rich in FSH activity. HCG, human chorionic gonadotropin, from the urine of pregnant women, acts like LH. 

Other components of the urine are conjugates with sulfuric acid, glucuronic acid, glycine, and other polar compounds that are synthesized in the liver by biotransformation (see p. 316). In addition, metabolites of many hormones (catecholamines, steroids, serotonin) also appear in the urine and can provide information about hormone production. The proteohormone chorionic gonadotropin (hCG, mass ca. 36 kDa), which is formed at the onset of pregnancy, appears in the urine due to its relatively small size. Evidence of hCG in the urine provides the basis for an immunological pregnancy test. 

The menotropins, human menopausal gonadotropin (HMG) and urofollitropin are prepared from the urine of postmenopausal women. HMG has approximately equal amounts of FSH an LH. Urofollitropin has only FSH activity. Follitropin alpha and follitropin beta are two FSH products which are made with recombinant DNA technology. Lutropin alpha is recombinant human LH. Human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG) is produced in the placenta and excreted in the urine. It has mainly LH activity. Choriogonadotropin alpha is the world s first recombinant chorionic gonadotropin (r-hCG) for the treatment of anovulation, the most common cause of infertility in women. 

Chorionic gonadotropin From urine of pregnant women. 

Human chorionic gonadotropin is a hormone produced by the human placenta and excreted into the urine, whence it can be extracted and purified. Human chorionic gonadotropin is a glycoprotein consisting of a 92-amino-acid alpha chain virtually identical to that of FSH, LH, and TSH and a beta chain of 145 amino acids that resembles that of LH except for the presence of a carboxyl terminal sequence of 30 amino acids not present in LH. 

Levels of Human Chorionic Gonadotropins (HCG) Equivalents IN Urine"... 

If, however, the oocyte is fertilized and begins to divide, the corpus luteum persists past its normal two-week lifespan. It is prevented from degenerating by the human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG), a hormone produced by the chorion of the embryo as early as eight to 12 days after fertilization. HCG acts like LH in stimulating the secretory activity of the corpus luteum and the presence of hCG in maternal blood or urine is an indicator of pregnancy. 

Induction of ovulation in mares may be stimulated by the administration of human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG). This has physiological actions similar to LH but differs structurally in both protein and carbohydrate content. It is produced by the human placenta and is extracted commercially from the urine of pregnant women. hCG may be administered to mares in the transitional period to stimulate ovulation. A dose of 3300 lU administered to mares with a follicle of >40 mm in diameter and signs of estrus that have been present for more than 3 days hastens the first ovulation of the season by approximately 1 week compared with control mares (Ball 2000a). In some states of the USA, hCG is a controlled substance that requires a special license for purchase and use. 

The type of urine specimen to be collected is dictated by the tests to be performed. Untimed or random specimens are suitable for only a few chemical tests usually, urine specimens must be collected over a predetermined interval of time, such as 1,4, or 24 hours. A clean, early morning, fasting specimen is usually the most concentrated specimen and thus is preferred for microscopic examinations and for the detection of abnormal amounts of constituents, such as proteins, or of unusual compounds, such as chorionic gonadotropin. The clean timed specimen is one obtained at specific times of the day or during certain phases of the act of micturition. Bacterial examination of the first 10 mL of urine voided is most appropriate to detect urethritis, whereas the midstream... 

Armstrong EG, EhrHch PH, Birken S, Schlatterer JP, Siris E, Hembree WC, et al. Use of a highly sensitive and specific immunoradiometric assay for detection of human chorionic gonadotropin in urine of... 

F. Menotropins Menotropins are human menopausal gonadotropins that consist of FSH and LH from the urine of postmenopausal women. The product is often used in combination with human chorionic gonadotropin in the treatment of h3qx onadal states and as part of controlled ovarian hyperstimulation and assisted reproductive technology programs. 

Human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) LH-like activity Infertility Isolated from human urine... 

Menotropins (Pergonol) Menotropins are LH and FSH (purified from urine of postmenopausal women) which are administered intramuscularly for 9-12 days and followed by an injection of chorionic gonadotropin. Multiple births occur in 20% of menotropin-induced pregnancies. Ovarian hyperstimulation, hemoperitoneum, febrile reactions and arterial thromtoembolism are the most frequent undesirable effects. 

Menotropins are a natural product that is obtained from the urine of postmenopausal women and then biologically standardized (International units [lU]) for FSH and LH activities in an approximate ratio of 1 1. Menotropins are used in males with primary (hypothalamic) or secondary (pituitary) hypogonadism to stimulate spermatogenesis, providing they have been treated previously with human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG a peptide hormone of placental origin that has activity very similar to LH discussed below) to effect masculinization (increased testosterone... 

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