Spermatogenesis stimulation

Chorionic gonadotropin, a gonadotropin with ovulation and spermatogenesis-stimulating properties (5,000 to 10,000 USP units IM), is indicated in the treatment of hypogona-dotropic hypogonadism. 

FSH Pituitary Stimulates follicular growth (female) Enhanced spermatogenesis (male)... 

Siarim, M. and Krishnamurthy, H. 2001. The role of follicle stimulating hormone in spermatogenesis lessons from knockout animal models. Archives of Medical Research 32(6), 601-608. 

The gonadotrophic hormones of the pituitary include the interstitial cell stimulating hormone (ICSH), which is present and effective in both males and females, and the follicle stimulating hormone (FSH), which stimulates the development of multiple follicles in females and apparently in males induces spermatogenesis. 

Figure 19.11 Hormones secreted by the hypothalamus, anterior pituitary, ovary and testis and feedback regulation. GnRH is gonadotrophin-releasing hormone the gonadotrophins are follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinising hormone (LH). The effect of these hormones on activities in the ovary and testes is shown. FSH stimulates synthesis and secretion of oestradiol from follicle, and spermatogenesis in testis. LH stimulates synthesis and secretion of progesterone from corpus luteum and synthesis and secretion of testosterone by the Leydig cells.

Stimulation of spermatogenesis in gonadotropin (FSH, LH) deficiency can be achieved by injection of HMG and HCG. HMG or human menopausal gonadotropin is obtained from the urine of postmenopausal women and is rich in FSH activity. HCG, human chorionic gonadotropin, from the urine of pregnant women, acts like LH. 

Anabolics are testosterone derivatives (e.g., clostebol, metenolone, nan-drolone, stanozolol) that are used in debilitated patients, and misused by athletes, because of their protein anabolic effect. They act via stimulation of androgen receptors and, thus, also display androgenic actions (e.g., virilization in females, suppression of spermatogenesis). 

Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH) are the two gonadotropins made in the anterior pituitary lobe. FSH stimulates gameto-genesis and follicular development in women and it stimulates spermatogenesis in men. FSH promotes... 

To stimulate spermatogenesis both testosterone and gonadotropic hormones need to be administered. 

V.b.1.2. Gonadotrophin treatment Men with hypopituitarism normally require only testosterone replacement therapy, but if fertility is needed gonadotrophins are necessary to stimulate spermatogenesis. This therapy is expensive and often requires prolonged administration in order to achieve an adequate sperm count, and its use should be restricted to specialist centres. 

Mechanism of Action An androgen that suppresses gonadotropin-releasing hormone, LH, and FSH. TherapeuticEffect Stimulates spermatogenesis, development of male secondary sex characteristics, and sexual maturation at puberty. Stimulates production of red blood cells (RBCs). 

In females, the target organs are the ovaries where it increases the number and size (maturation, development and ripening) of Graafian follicles and prepare them for ovulation. During its development, the ovarian follicles secrete its own hormone estrogen. In males, it stimulates spermatogenesis. Under the influence of this hormone, seminiferous tubules produce spermatozoa. 

Follicle stimulating hormone is responsible for the growth of testes. It promotes spermatogenesis. Along with LH, FSH plays an essential role in maintaining the normal testicular functions such as development of male sex organs e.g. penis, scrotum development of secondary sexual characters e.g. growth of facial. 

Induction of ovulation, induction of spermatogenesis in men GI 120552 FoIIitropin-beta precursor (follicle-stimulating hormone-beta) (FSH-beta) PID gl20552 Human follicle stimulating hormone PDB ID IFL7... 

Induction of ovulation, stimulation of spermatogenesis in men HCG family PTomo sapiens] GI 15277242 PID gl5277242 Crystal structure of human chorionic gonadotropin PDB ID IHRP... 

FSH, LH, and hCG are commercially available in several forms. They are used in states of infertility to stimulate spermatogenesis in men and to induce ovulation in women. Their most common clinical use is for the controlled ovulation hyperstimulation that is the cornerstone of assisted reproductive technologies such as in vitro fertilization (IVF, see below). 

Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH] Female t follicular development and estrogen synthesis Male enhance spermatogenesis... 

Testosterone and other androgens are involved in the development of the sexual characteristics in males and in the stimulation of spermatogenesis. These two primary effects are described below. 

These preparations are used in states of infertility to stimulate ovarian follicle development in women and spermatogenesis in men. In both sexes, they must be used in conjunction with a luteinizing hormone, ie, human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG), to permit ovulation and implantation in women and testosterone production and full masculinization in men. 

In men with gonadotropin deficiencies, pretreatment with chorionic gonadotropin produces external sexual maturation addition of a subsequent course of hMG (or rFSH plus hCG) will stimulate spermatogenesis and lead to fertility. 

---