Reproductive technology, assisted

Almost all males with CF are azoospermic due to congenital absence of the vas deferens with resultant obstruction however, conception still occurs occasionally. Conception can also occur through application of assisted reproductive technologies.9... 

Ovitrelle (tradename in EU, sold as Ovidrel in the USA and also known as choriogonadotropin alfa) is a recombinant hCG approved for general medical use in the EU and USA in 2001. It is indicated for the treatment of female infertility due to anovulation and for patients undergoing assisted reproductive technology. It is used to trigger final follicle maturation and luteinization after follicle stimulation. 

Progesterone capsules and gel Progesterone supplementation or replacement as part of an Assisted Reproductive Technology (ART) treatment for infertile women with progesterone deficiency (8% gel). 

Hampton, T. (2004) Panel reviews health effects data for assisted reproductive technologies. The Journal of the American Medical Association, 292 (24), 2961-2962. 

B. Indications and nse Follistim is indicated for the development of multiple follicles in ovulatory patients participating in an assisted reproductive technology program. It is also indicated for the induction of ovulation and pregnancy in anovulatory infertile patients in whom the cause of infertility is functional and not due to primary ovarian failure. 

FSH, LH, and hCG are commercially available in several forms. They are used in states of infertility to stimulate spermatogenesis in men and to induce ovulation in women. Their most common clinical use is for the controlled ovulation hyperstimulation that is the cornerstone of assisted reproductive technologies such as in vitro fertilization (IVF, see below). 

Chang P, Kenley S, Burns T, Denton G, Currie K, DeVane G, O Dea L. Recombinant human chorionic gonadotropin (rhCG) in assisted reproductive technology results of a clinical trial comparing two doses of rhCG (Ovidrel) to urinary hCG (Profasi) for induction of final follicular maturation in in vitro fertilization-embryo transfer. Fertil Steril 2001 76(l) 67-74. 

Ludwig M, Katalinic A, Diedrich K. Use of GnRH antagonists in ovarian stimulation for assisted reproductive technologies compared to the long protocol. Meta-analysis. Arch Gynecol Obstet 2001 265(4) 175-82. 

Byers, S. L., Payson, S. J. and Taft, R. A. (2006) Performance of ten inbred mouse strains following assisted reproductive technologies (ARTs). Theriogenology 65, 1716-1726. 

P4. Pantos, K., Athanasiou, V., Stefanidis, K., Stavrou, D., Vaxevanoglou, T., and Chronopoulou, M., Influence of advanced age on the blastocyst development rate and pregnancy rate in assisted reproductive technology. Fertil. Steril. 71, 1144-1146 (1998). 

Schmidt, L. L., Asch, R. H., Frederick, J. L., Rojas, F. J., Stone, S. C., and Balmaceda, J. R, The predictive value of a single beta human chorionic gonadotropin in pregnancies achieved by assisted reproductive technology. Fertil. Steril. 62, 333-338 (1994). 

Insler, V. Lunenfeld B. In Advances in Assisted Reproductive Technologies, Mashiach S., Ben-Rafael Z., Laufer N., Schenker J.G. (eds). New York, Plenum Press, 1990,31... 

Seifer DB, Lambert-Messerlian G, Hogan JW, Gardiner AC, Blazar AS, Berk CA. Day 3 serum inhibin-B is predictive of assisted reproductive technologies outcome. Fertil Sterii 1997 67 110-4. 

Urofolhtropin is a gonadotropin that stimulates ovarian follicular growth in women who do not have primary ovarian failure. It is to be administered in conjunction with human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) for ovulation induction and multiple follicular development (controlled ovarian stimulation) during assisted reproductive technology (ART) cycles in patients who have previously received pituitary suppression. 

The gonadotropins (LH, FSH, and hCG) are glycosylated heterodimers, each containing a common a-subunit and a distinct /3-subunit that confers specificity of action. The longer tj of hCG has some clinical relevance for its use in assisted reproduction technologies (see below). 

INHIBITORS OF TESTOSTERONE SECRETION Analogs of GnRH effectively inhibit testosterone production by inhibiting LH secretion. They are used to suppress precocious puberty, in assisted reproductive technologies, and to treat prostate cancer (see Chapter 55). 

E. Luteinizing Hormone (LH) LH is the major stimulant of gonadal steroid production. In women, LH also regulates follicular development and ovulation. No pure preparation of LH is currently in use. Human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG), which has an almost identical structure, is used in place of LH for treatment of hypogonadism in men and women and as part of controlled ovarian hyperstimulation and assisted reproductive technology programs. 

ART, assisted reproduction technology FSH, follicle-stimulating hormone nGnRH, gonadotropin-releasing hormone lUI, intrauterine insemination IVF, invitro fertilization PCOS, polycystic ovarian syndrome, WHO, World Health Organization. 

Hugues J-N. Ovarian stimulation for assisted reproductive technologies. Available at http //www.who.int/reproductive-health/infertility/14.pdf. Accessed June 6, 2006,... 

Weckstein, L.N., P. Patrizio, J.P. Balmaceda, R.H. Asch, and D.W. Branch 1991 Human leukocyte antigen compatibility and failure to achieve a viable pregnancy with assisted reproductive technology. Acta European Fertility... 

Women in Study of Metals and Assisted Reproductive Technologies women referred to Center for Reproductive Health at UCSF for infertility treatment and first IVF procedure... 

Green NS (2004) Risks of birth defects and other adverse outcomes associated with assisted reproductive technology. Pediatrics 114(1) 256-259. 

Vitthala S, Gelbaya TA, Brison DR, Fitzgerald CT, Nardo LG (2009) The risk of monozygotic twins after assisted reproductive technology a systematic review and metaanalysis. HumReprod Update 15(l) 45-55. Epub 2008 Oct 15. 

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