Uptake differential effects

Biological actions Adipocyte differentiation fatty acid uptake lipogenesis glucose uptake other effects on nutrient metabolism which lower hepatic glucose production... 

Naranjo CA, Sellers EM, Chater K, et al Non-pharmacological interventions in acute alcohol withdrawal. Clin Pharmacol Ther 34 214—219, 1983 Naranjo CA, Sellers EM, Roach CA, et al Zimelidine-induced variations in alcohol intake hy nondeptessed heavy drinkers. Clin Pharmacol Ther 35 374-381, 1984 Naranjo CA, Sellers EM, Sullivan ]T, et al The serotonin uptake inhibitor citalopram attenuates ethanol intake. Clin Pharmacol Ther 41 266-274, 1987 Naranjo CA, Sullivan ]T, Kadlec KE, et al Differential effects of viqualine on alcohol intake and other consummatory behaviors. Clin Pharmacol Ther 46 301 -309,1989 Naranjo CA, Kadlec KE, Sanhueza P, et al Fluoxetine differentially alters alcohol intake and other consummatory behaviors in problem drinkers. Clin Pharmacol Ther 47 490 98, 1990... 

The conventional concentration of benzalkonium chloride in eyedrops is 0.01%, with a range of 0.004-0.02% [111]. While uptake of benzalkonium chloride itself into ocular tissues is limited [113], even lower concentrations of benzalkonium chloride have been reported to enhance corneal penetration of other compounds including therapeutic agents [93,112,114]. The differential effect of this preservative on the cornea compared to the conjunctiva can be exploited to target a drug for corneal absorption and delivery to the posterior segment of the eye [115]. Its use has been proposed as a means of delivering systemic doses by an ocular route of administration [116]. 

MacAulay, N., Bendahan, A., Loland, C. J., Zeuthen, T Kanner, B. I., and Gether, U. (2001) Engineered Zn super2 + switches in the GABA transporter-1 differential effects on GABA uptake and currents../. Biol. Chem. 29, 29. 

Engineered Zn2+ switches in the gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) transporter-1. Differential effects on GABA uptake and currents. J. Biol. Chem. 276,40476 10485. 

Savage, D. D., Mendels, J., and Frazer, A. (1980) Monoamine oxidase inhibitors and serotonin uptake inhibitors Differential effects on [3H]serotonin binding sites in rat brain. J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther., 212 259-263. 

Differential effects on uptake and excretion. If the tissue in which the lethal process occurs is separated from the source of the toxicant and from an excretory or detoxifying... 

Figure 2. Effect of ozone on uptake and incorporation of -leucine into protein by cotton cotyledon leaf discs. Plants were exposed to 0.4 ppm Os for 1 hr, 24 hr prior to experiments. Discs were floated on buffer and incubated in -leucine for up to 4 hr and were then transferred to excess cold leucine to chase the incorporated C-leucine for a subsequent 24 hr period. The data show that ozone-treated tissue incorporated more leucine into protein but do not indicate real differential effects on protein hydrolysis.

Liao S. L. and Chen C. J. (2001). Differential effects of cytokines and redox potential on glutamate uptake in rat cortical glial cultures. Neurosci. Lett. 299 113-116. 

Nishino S, Mao J, Sampathkumaran R, Honda K, Dement WC, Mignot E (1996) Differential effects of dopaminergic and noradernergic uptake inhibitors on EEG arousal and cataplexy of narcoleptic canines. Sleep Res 25 317... 

Comparing the lipophilicity of the barbiturates in Table 2.2 with their uptake across the GI tract (colon) demonstrates that the membrane permeability of each member of the series is proportional to its partition coefficient. Apparently, there can be some differential effect on partitioning depending upon which organic solvent is used in making the determination. For example, the GI membrane is believed to behave more like an octanol/water pairing, while drug uptake into the brain is more closely mimicked by a heptane/water combination. 

Kuczenski R, Segal DS (1992) Differential effects of amphetamine and dopamine uptake blockers (cocaine, nomifensine) on caudate and accumbens dialysate dopamine and 3-methoxytyramine. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 262 1085-1094. 

MB is known to inhibit glucose uptake by the parasite, which then depletes its stored glycogen, leading to ATP failure and death. The drug has also been shown to interact with helminthic tubulin, the structural protein of the microtubles mammalian tubulin is affected to a much lower extent. This differential effect, combined with the lack of systemic absorption, may account for the selective toxicity. It has not been established whether the tubulin effect or the interference with carbohydrate metabolism is the primaiy cytotoxic event, or what the relationship is between the two phenomena, if there is any. 

Differential effects of prenatal and postnatal ACTH or nicotine exposure on 5-HT high affinity uptake in the neonatal rat brain. Int. J. Dev. Neurosci. 9 281-286. 

Figure 6 Inhibitory effects of nobiletin and luteolin on TPA-induced O2 generation in differentiated HL-60 cells and their cellular uptake. Differentiated HL-60 cells (1x10 cells/mL) were stimulated by 100 nM TPA to induce O2-, the extracellular concentration of which was measured by a cytochrome c method. Test compounds were added at concentrations of 0.8, 4, 20, and...

Jullien, D. et al., Differential effects of okadaic acid on insulin-stimulated glucose and amino acid uptake and phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase activity, J. Biol. Chem., 268, 15246, 1993. 

Some studies have attempted direct injection of DNA into tumors, either alone or in complex with lipids. Introducing DNA or RNA directly into the tumor limits immune responses sometimes elicited when viral preparations are administered. However, the efficiency of lipid-DNA to enter cells in a tumor remains a problem, as does the relatively nonspecific cellular uptake of lipid-DNA complexes. Attempts to incorporate molecules in the lipid bilayer that bind to cell surface receptor to improve cell specificity have been investigated, but the differential effects seen in vitro are not generally duplicated in vivo. Along the same line and more recently, nanoparticles has also been considered as vector for delivering therapeutic genes. An added benefit with nanoparticles is that they can also be imaged (Nie et al. 2007). 

Clearly, this multiscale model can predict self-assembly of heterogeneous cell populations into structures that mimic the stratified structure of several tissues. It is also important to note that self-assembly is not a result of some programmed behavior of the two cell phenotypes. The two cell subpopulations self-assemble in structures like those of Figures 26.4b and 26.4c as a result of the interplay between mass transport dynamics (nutrient depletion) and differential effects of essential cellular functions (different nutrient uptake rates and resistance to necrosis). 

In 1 M KCl, the maxima of proton uptake on the first flash occur at pH 6 and pH 9.5, where approximately 0.4 and 1 proton, respectively, are taken up per RC (not shown). The main difference compared to 50 mM KCl was a marked decrease in first flash proton uptake at pH 5 and pH 7.5, indicating a strongly differential effect of salt at different pH. This was further explored through salt titrations of proton uptake at selected pH values. 

A final experiment demonstrating the distinetion between the acute and neurotoxic effects of MDMA is shown in figure 12. In this case, the 5-HT uptake inhibitor fluoxetine was administered at various times after MDMA, with all animals being saerifieed 1 week later. The results are shown as a pereentage of eontrol eortieal 5-HT eoneentrations. Simultaneous administration of an uptake inhibitor with MDMA completely blocked the decrease in 5-HT concentrations measured 1 week later. However, administration of the inhibitor 3 hours after MDMA still resulted in complete protection from the neurotoxicity. Approximately 50 percent of the depletion could still be blocked 6 hours after MDMA by 12 hours, the administration of fluoxetine no longer had any effect. Blockade of the neurotoxicity by an uptake inhibitor 3 hours after MDMA clearly differentiates the acute and long-term effects of MDMA, since at this point the acute depletion of 5-HT is already at a maximum. The administration of fluoxetine to MDMA-treated animals... 

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