Glutamate uptake

HIV proteins can also disrupt ion homeostasis in astrocytes, which compromises neuronal function (Pulliam et al. 1993 Benos et al. 1994a, b Holden et al. 1999). Intact HIV-1 virions or gpl20 also markedly inhibit glutamate uptake by astrocytes and cause reductions in excitatory amino acid transporter-2 (EAAT2) mRNA and protein levels (Wang et al. 2003). The inability of astrocytes to buffer extracellular glutamate is likely to decrease the excitotoxic threshold of bystander neurons. 

Glutamate uptake Cultured Mouse No Inhibited Aschner et al. 

Aschner M, Eberle NB, Miller K, Kimelberg HK. 1990. Interactions of methylmercury with rat primary astrocyte cultures inhibition of rubidium and glutamate uptake and induction of swelling. Brain Res 530 245-250. 

Bergles, D. E., Tzingounis, A. V. and Jahr, C. E. Comparison of coupled and uncoupled currents during glutamate uptake by GLT-1 transporters. /. Neurosci. 22 10153-10162, 2002. 

Transport proteins (channels) for chloride and zinc Vacuolar proton pump Components of synaptic vesicles to mediate the chloride flux for glutamate uptake and zinc uptake in most synaptic vesicles. Zinc transporter is homologous to endosomal and plasma membrane zinc transporters chloride transporters remain to be identified. Protein complex of more than 12 subunits. Constitutes the largest component of synaptic vesicles and establishes... 

Reduces glutamatergic activity (e.g, increases glutamate uptake) with chronic therapy. 

Brew, H. and Attwell, D. (1987) Electrogenic glutamate uptake is a major current carrier in the membrane of axolotl retinal glial cells. Nature 327,707-709. 

Levy, L. M., Warr, D., and Attwell, D. (1998) Stoichiometry of the glial glutamate transporter GLT-1 expressed inducibly in a Chinese hamster ovary cell line selected for low endogenous Na+-dependent glutamate uptake. J. Neurosci. 18,9620-9628. 

Barbour, B., Brew, H., and Attwell, D. (1988) Electrogenic glutamate uptake in glial cells is activated by intracellular potassium. Nature 335,433—435. 

Billups, B., Rossi, D and Attwell, D. (1996) Anion conductance behavior of the glutamate uptake carrier in salamander retinal glial cells../. Neurosci. 16, 6722-6731. 

Barbour, B Szatkowski, M., Ingledew, N., and Attwell, D. (1989) Arachidonic acid induces a prolonged inhibition of glutamate uptake into glial cells. Nature 342,918-920. 

Volterra, A., Trotti, D., Tromba, C., Floridi, S., and Racagni, G. (1994) Glutamate uptake inhibition by oxygen free radicals in rat cortical astrocytes. J. Neurosci. 14,2924-2932. 

It was also demonstrated that acute exposure to diphenyl ditelluride did not change [ H]glutamate release and uptake by rat brain synaptosomes. In contrast, in vitro experiments indicate that 100 am of diphenyl ditelluride clearly inhibit [ H]glutamate uptake by brain synaptosomes and synaptic vesicles. These results also suggested that the inhibitory effect on glutamate uptake may be related, at least in part, to the ability of this compound to oxidize thiol groups. ... 

The deficit of cortico-striatal innervation that is presumably responsible for reported losses of striatal glutamate uptake sites (Aparicio-Legarza et al., 1997 Simpson et al., 1992), is likely to contribute to the cognitive dysfunction of schizophrenia. These have been described as having similarities to the subcortical dementia (Pantelis et al., 1992) seen in a variety of neurodegenerative disorders disturbances of corticostriatal function are thought to underlie this pattern of cognitive deficits that include disturbances of attention, executive function and short-term memory. 

Hazell AS, Itzhak Y, Liu HP, Norenberg MD (1997) l-Methyl-4-phenyl-l,2,3,6-tetrahydro-pyridine (MPTP) decreases glutamate uptake in cultured astrocytes. J Nem-ochem 68 2216-2219... 

Normally, the induction of glutamine synthetase expression balances glutamate uptake and the increased levels of ammonia in glutamatergic areas and protects against neuronal degeneration. A decrease in glutamine synthetase expression in... 

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