Uptakes effects

Reduced-Moisture Mylon. A modified nylon-6 has been commerciali2ed that has approximately 30% less moisture uptake (22). Patented compositions use various amine and phenoHc additives to obtain such a reduced moisture uptake effect (33,34). 

The reported (14) mechanisms of action of allelochemlcals Include effects on root ultrastructure and subsequent Inhibition of Ion absorption and water uptake, effects on hormone-induced growth, alteration of membrane permeability, changes In lipid and organic acid metabolism, inhibition of protein synthesis and alteration of enzyme activity, and effects on stomatal opening and on photosynthesis. Reduced leaf water potential Is one result of treatment with ferulic and p-coumaric acids (15). Colton and Einhellig (16) found that aqueous extracts of velvetleaf (Abutllon theophrastl Medic.) Increased diffusive resistance In soybean fGlycine max. (L.) Merr.] leaves, probably as a result of stomatal closure. In addition, there was evidence of water stress and reduced quantities of chlorophyll In Inhibited plants. 

Mesenchymal stem cells isolated from murine bone marrow were applied in a study designed to evaluate the molecular toxicity of hydroxyapatite nanoparticles (Remya et al., 2014). Hydroxyapatite nanoparticles (50 nm) were used to study the cytotoxicity, nanoparticle uptake, effect on cytoskeletal arrangement, oxidative stress response and apoptotic behaviour with the confluent cells as per standard protocols. The results of the MTT assay indicated that hydroxyapatite nanoparticles do not induce cytotoxicity up to 800 pg ml-1. It was also observed that apoptosis related to oxidative stress and reactive oxygen species (ROS) production following nanoparticle treatment was comparable to that of the control (cells without treatment). Hence, it can be concluded that mesenchymal stem cell in vitro cultures can be used as a model to evaluate the potential toxicity of nanomaterials. 

ODNs directed to a point mutation in codon 12 of the HA-ras mRNA adsorbed to such nanoparticles were injected into tumor tissue, and suppressed oncogene-mediated tumor proliferation at concentrations 100 times lower than the free oligonucleotides [435], Because of the negative surface potential ( -potential) of polycyanoacrylate particles, a cationic copolymer such as DEAE-dextran (known as a transfection enhancer), or a hydrophobic cationic detergent such as CTAB, are usually used. In the meantime, base-modified nanoparticles of the methacrylate type have also been described [399-401, 404, 405, 407]. They have shown to increase plasma stability of ODNs and increase cellular uptake. Effects of toxicity were observed depending on the type of modification. As they are also used as car-... 

Structural changes in PEM and catalyst layers due to platinum oxidation or catalyst contamination under open-circuit conditions On/off cyclic operation under different humid conditions Effect of hygro-thermal cycle on membrane stresses Water uptake effect on cyclic stress and dimensional change, hydrogen crossover... 

Lawrence JR, Glass SV, Park SC, Nathanson GM (2005) Surfactant control of gas uptake effect of butanol films on HCl and HBr entry into supercooled sulfuric acid. J Phys Chem A 109 7458-7465... 

Cathodic chaining of hydrogen onto unalloyed titanium surfaces is not recommended when temperatures exceed 80 °C (175 F). At metal temperatures below 80 °C (175 F), thin surface hydride films may form on a titanium alloys these are usually not detrimental fium the standpoint of corrosion or mechanical properties. However, veiy high cathodic current densities may lead to enhanced hydride film growth and eventual wall penetration and embrittlement even at room temperature. Surface thermal oxides on titanium appear to inhibit hydrogen uptake effectively under moderate cathodic charging conditions, but can broak down at high current densities. 

The large changes observed in solvent uptake in these nanocomposites provide strong indirect evidence of the constrained polymer region and its size. In the work on solvent uptake by ethylene-vinyl acetate nanocomposites, the solvent uptake effect levels off at around 5 wt.% clay nanoparticles. This indicates that nearly all the polymer in the composite is constrained at this loading level. At 5 wt.%, assuming that the clay plates are evenly dispersed, the distance between plates would be approximately 50 nm. The constrained polymer region would be required to extend at least 25 nm from the surface. 

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