Underwriters Laboratories, fire

Underwriters Laboratories, Fire Protection Equipment 1996. Northbrook, IL, 1996... 

Underwriters Laboratory fire-resistance index A summary of classified fire-resistance products and building construction-design fire resistance ratings published for general distribution. See test, fire cone and lift. Underwriters Laboratory Standard UL-544 A general safety standard. See safety. 

UE 910 Standardfor Safety, Test Methodfor Fire and Smoke Characteristics of Electrical and Optical Fiber Cables used in Air Handling Spaces, Underwriters Laboratories, Inc. Northbrook, lU., 1985. 

Underwriters Laboratories 333 Pfingsten Road Northbrook, Id. 60062 Standards for Safety is ahst of more than 200 standards that provide specifications and requirements for constmetion and performance under test and in actual use of a broad range of electrical apparatus and equipment, including household appHances, fire-extinguishing and fire protection devices and equipment, and many other nongenerady classifiable items, eg, ladders, sweeping compounds, waste cans, and roof jacks for trader coaches. 

Fire and Wind Hazards. Weather resistance of roof covetings is not necessarily correlated to fire and wiad resistance. Underwriters Laboratory and the Factory Mutual System test and rate fire and wiad hazard resistance, and some durabiUty tests. Organic felt or fiber glass mat base shingles are commonly manufactured to meet minimum UL requirements, which, ia addition to minimum mass, require wiad and fire resistance properties. 

In the absence of fire retardants the material has a limiting oxygen index of 27.5 and may bum slowly. Only some grades will achieve a UL 94 V-1 rating. The Underwriters Laboratories continuous use temperature index is also somewhat low and similar to the polyarylates with ratings of 135-140°C (electrical) and 105°C (mechanical with impact). Initial marketing has emphasised comparisons with the aliphatic nylons for the reasons given in the previous... 

Underwriters Laboratories (UL) requires that consumer batteries pass a number of safety tests [3]. UL requires that a battery withstand a short circuit without fire or explosion. A positive temperature coefficient (PTC) device [4] is used for external short-circuit protection. The resistance of a PTC placed in series with the cell increases by orders of magnitude at high currents and resulting high temperatures. However, in the case of an internal short, e.g., if the positive tab comes lose and contacts the interior of the negative metal can, the separator could act as a fuse. That is, the impedance of the separator increases by two to three orders of magnitude due to an increase in cell temperature. 

R.D. Bieniarz, Fire Experiments on Structural Foam Plastic Equipment Enclosures. Study for the Society of the Plastics Industry, Underwriters Laboratories, 1981. 

Underwriters Laboratories (UL) high rise (hydrocarbon) fire test UL 1709, has an average fire temperature of 1093 °C (2,000 °F) after 5 minutes. Therefore unless the an actual fire exposure heat radiation input calculation has been made, either a worst case fire exposure temperature could be assumed or a standard temperature to the limits of UL 1709 could be applied. 

Underwriters Laboratories Inc. (UL), UL 263. Safety Fire Tests of Building Construction and Materials. Eleventh Edition, UL, Northbrook, IL, 1992. 

Many blast resistant door manufacturers can offer 3-hour A" and l-t/2-hour "13" fire labels on tow-range and mid-range doors that certify that the construction of the door has been fire tested by an agency such as Underwriters Laboratories. Few... 

In contrast to systems that are set up to transmit local only alarms when the sensors are triggered, systems can also be set up to transmit signals to a central location, such as to a control room or guard post at the utility, or to a police or fire station. Most fire/smoke alarms are set up to signal both at the location of the event and at a fire station or central monitoring station. Many insurance companies require that facilities install certified systems that include alarm communication to a central station. For example, systems certified by the Underwriters Laboratory (UL) require that the alarm be reported to a central monitoring station. 

The electrical electronics market dictates some specific regulations. Among them a typical example is the UL (Underwriters Laboratories) requirements related to the long-term service temperature and the fire rating. 

ASTM E 1529 Standard Test Methods for Determining Effects of Large Eiydrocarbon Pool Fires on Structural Members and Assemblies and Underwriters Laboratories Inc. 1709 Standard for Rapid Rise Fire Tests of Protection Materials for Structural Steel are two tests which are used to evaluate the performance of structures, equipment, and protective materials to hydrocarbon fires (see Figure 5-17). 

Listed equipment is typically defined as materials that have been tested to a standard by an organization that is acceptable to the AHJ. The listing organization, such as Underwriters Laboratories (UL) or Factory Mutual (FM), maintains a periodic audit of listed equipment or materials to ensure that the equipment or material meets appropriate designated standards or has been tested and found suitable for a specified purpose. The testing organization then publishes a list of equipment that has passed the evaluation process. Hence, the fire protection community uses the term "listed" to define equipment that has been specifically evaluated for use in fire protection applications. 

Portable fire extinguishers purchased in the United States should be listed by Underwriters Laboratories (UL). Extinguishers for marine use should bear the label of the U.S. Coast Guard or other Authority Having Jurisdiction (AHJ). Extinguishers and agents purchased outside the United States should be approved by the AHJ, such as the governmental authority. 

WOOD PRESERVATIVE. A material applied to wood to prevent its destruction by fungi, wood-boring insects, marine borers and fire. A common characteristic of these materials is toxicity to those organisms that attack wood, or in the case of fire retardants the ability to control combustion in terms defined by the Underwriters Laboratory. In addition, a satisfactory wood preservative must aiso (a) be capable of penetrating wood, (bi remain in the wood for extended periods withonl losing its effectiveness due to chemical breakdown, (c) be harmless to humans and animals, (d) be noncorrosive and. (e) be available in quantity at a reasonable cost, Foi certain uses, the preservative may be required to be colorless, odorless, nonswellmg and paintable. 

Printing Office(1946) 5 )H. W.Heinrich. Indus trial Accident Prevention A Scientific Approach5, 3rd ed, McGraw-Hill,NY( 1950) 6)National Safety Council,"Accident Prevention Manual for Industrial Operations, 2nd ed, Chicago,111(1951) 7)Underwriters Laboratories,Inc, Lists Relating to Accident Equipment , NY(1951) 8)National Fire Protection Association,"National Fire Codes for the Prevention of Dust Explosions, Bostoh(1952) 9)W.M.Kunstler,"The Law of Accidents, Oceana Publications,NY( 1954) 10)US Bureau of Mines,"Accidents from Explosives at Metal and Non-metallic Mines, JuIy(1956)(See also Safety Measures in Industry)... 

Underwriters Laboratories, Inc., List of Inspected Fire Protection Equipment and Materials (January 1951 and bimonthly supplement). 

Underwriters Laboratories, Inc., Subject 723, Standard Test Method for Fire Hazard Classification of Building Materials, August 1950. 

Many tests have been devised to evaluate the fire and flame resistance of surface-treated acoustical fiberboard. The most widely accepted test, recognized by both the building industry and the building code agencies, is the fire-resistance test specified in federal specification (3). Other tests under consideration, but not universally adopted, are the tunnel test of the Underwriters Laboratories, Inc. (11), and the Factory Mutual room burn out test (2). A small scale test that is being employed for plant control and quick finish evaluation is the Class F fire test (12). 

Effective fire-retardant treatments for wood for exterior uses under conditions of leaching and weathering have been needed for many years. For wood shingle or shake roofing, a commercial treatment system has been developed (61) in the United States that meets acceptance requirements of Underwriters Laboratories, Inc. Lumber and plywood are also available with this exterior-type treatment. 

Wood—fire hazard classification, card data service." Serial No. UL527. Underwriters Laboratories, Inc., Northbrook, 111. 1971. 

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