Term, defined

Fig re 5. Second-derivative coupling term defined at the end of Section TTI.D for... 

Eig. 5. Restriction map of the yeast artificial chromosome (YAC) vector used for cloning very large fragments of eukaryotic DNA. Terms defined in text... 

Asphalt [8052-42-4] is defined by the American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) (1) as a dark brown to black cementitious material in which the predominating constituents are bitumens that occur in nature or are obtained in petroleum processing. Bitumen is a generic term defined by ASTM as a class of black or dark-colored (soHd, semisoHd, or viscous) cementitious substances, natural or manufactured, composed principally of high molecular weight hydrocarbons, of which asphalts, tars, pitches, and asphaltites are typical. 

Fig. 3. Volume changes in the glassy, Hquid, and soHd states. Terms defined in the text.

E] Ammonia absorption into water from air at 70 F. Gas-film resistance controls. Thin-waUed polyethylene Raschig rings and 1-inch Intalox saddles. Fit 25%. See Reiss for fit. Terms defined as above. 

We now want to study the consequences of such a model with respect to the optical properties of a composite medium. For such a purpose, we will consider the phenomenological Lorentz-Drude model, based on the classical dispersion theory, in order to describe qualitatively the various components [20]. Therefore, a Drude term defined by the plasma frequency and scattering rate, will describe the optical response of the bulk metal or will define the intrinsic metallic properties (i.e., Zm((a) in Eq.(6)) of the small particles, while a harmonic Lorentz oscillator, defined by the resonance frequency, the damping and the mode strength parameters, will describe the insulating host (i.e., /((0) in Eq.(6)). 

Heuristically, the dynamics proceed as follows the reaction term makes all active ((7 = 1) and refractory a = 2) sites cycle to their respective successor states. The diffusion term defines the manner in which activity (defined by sites with value (7 = 1) diffuses through the lattice. 

In relation (22) the second right-hand term expresses the contribution of the Ef-modulus to the variation of E (r)-modulus, whereas the third right-hand term defines the counterbalancing contribution of the Em-modulus, to correct the contribution... 

The terms defined above are all important in the consideration of the overall performance of an analytical method. The greatest sensitivity (response) does not necessarily imply the lowest limit of detec-tion/determination as a more intense signal may also be observed from... 

A 5-point finite difference scheme along with method of lines was used to transform the partial differential Equations 4-6 into a system of first-order differential and algebraic equations. The final form of the governing equations is given below with the terms defined in the notation section. 

The term defined by k5 is relatively unimportant, since plots of k bs versus [H2Tar] were linear. The pathways for exchange in the presence of tartaric and oxalic acids are... 

The tests do not directly measure the hydraulic conductivity k of the soil. Instead they measure the infiltration rate / for the soil. Since hydraulic conductivity is the infiltration rate divided by the hydraulic gradient i (see equations in Figure 26.14), it is necessary to determine the hydraulic gradient before k can be calculated. The following equation (with terms defined in Figure 26.14) can be used to estimate the hydraulic gradient ... 

The molar volume of the polymer repeat unit is Vu V, is the molar volume of the solvent, fi, is the volume Fraction of the solvent, and Xi is an interaction term defining how good the solvent is for the polymer. The term X is negative for very good solvents and goes to about 0.55 for the limiting... 

AG f = (I(snyl f,/3AG2s)((2 + cos6>)(l - cos6>)2)/4 where the interfacial energy terms define the angle 9 through the relationship... 

This chapter deals in detail with the business of specifying actions—what happens in some world or in some system—while deferring the implementation. Indeed, we have seen an example (Section 3.4) of how two different implementations can have the same behavioral specification. The action specifications use the terms defined in a static model (as in Chapter 2). The static and action models together make up the specification of a complete type (see Figure 3.31). In the chapters that follow, we will use these ideas to build specifications of complete software systems and interfaces to components. 

Our discussion of Section V has indicated that the electrophoretic effect has to be found in the Ta term defined in Eq. (301) (see also Eq. (312)) moreover we have already found a diagram (Fig. 14a) in which the solvent is transmitting the wave number —k from ion /S to ion a, as we expect to find from the classical theory. This term was not calculated in Section V because it gives a contribution of order ei to while the relaxation term is of order e6 it will be considered presently. 

Spatial transport of scalar covariance is described by the triple-correlation term u,(p a(p p), and the molecular-transport term defined by... 

Because the parameters 0(30, phu- and Pm appearing in TD depend on the Schmidt number, the dissipation-range spectral transfer rates will be different for each covariance component. Vap is the covariance-production term defined by (3.137) on p. 90. 

Thus, when a property of the sample (which exists as a large volume of material) is to be measured, there usually will be differences between the analytical data derived from application of the test methods to a gross lot or gross consignment and the data from the sample lot. This difference (the sampling error) has a frequency distribution with a mean value and a variance. Variance is a statistical term defined as the mean square of errors the square root of the variance is more generally known as the standard deviation or the standard error of sampling. 

These somewhat simplified descriptions of mechanisms that initiate cellular injury, and of the ways in which cells and tissues respond to these injuries will, as noted at the outset, be helpful as we describe various manifestations of toxicity and carcinogenicity. We distinguish between toxic injuries, which are typically seen in animal experiments and are usually described in the terms defined in the foregoing, and the various medical conditions we call diseases. Many toxic responses can lead to disease, but we also consider toxic injuries to be adverse effects, whether or not they are known to lead to specific diseases. 

The averaged potential energy (V) includes contributions from fluctuations in the charge density at all real frequencies. The fluctuation-dissipation theorem restricts the contributing frequencies to co = -o), but allows for all real co. The effects on the energy are contained in the term defined by... 

The slope of the lines presented in Figure 5 is defined as k(q/v). The q/v term defines the turnover of the tank contents or what is commonly referred to as the retention time. When q is increased, the liquid contacts the carbon more often and the removal of pesticides should increase, however, the efficiency term, k, can be a function of q. As the waste flow rate is increased, the fluid velocity around each carbon particle increases, thereby increasing system turbulence and compressing the liquid boundary layer. The residence time within the carbon bed is also decreased at higher liquid flow rates, which will reduce the time available for the pesticides to diffuse from the bulk liquid into the liquid boundary layer and into the carbon pores. From inspection of Table II, the pesticide concentration also effects the efficiency factor, k can only be determined experimentally and is valid only for the equipment and conditions tested. 

The constant A, in many respects, is analogous to the highest achievable magnitude of the rate constant k, and the e term defines the fraction of molecules having sufficient energy to react. If AE 0, then e°,... 

A AZPE = AZPEii — AZPEd AZPEt) corresponds to the terms for the reactions of monodeuteriated aldehydes. Terms defined by IE = MMl x EXC x EXP (IE is the Isotopic exchange equilibrium, MMl is the mass moment of inertia term representing the rotational and translational partition function ratios, EXC is the vibrational excitation term and EXP is the exponential zero point energy). 

In the earlier of the original manuseripts, first published in Pure and Applied Chemistry, whieh make up the chapters of this book, it was the praetiee to cross reference definitions within parentheses as follows (see Definition xx). Whilst beneficial, this led to extensive interruption to the flow of definitions, so throughout this edition of the Compendium of Polymer Terminology and Nomenclature, a practice that is now adopted as standard in the preparation of doeuments under the auspiees of the Subcommittee on Polymer Terminology is used, i.e., terms defined elsewhere in the same chapter are italicized. 

Note 2 Terms defining stereochemical arrangements are to be italicized only when they form part of the name of a polymer the use of such terms as adjectives, even when immediately preceding names, does not require italics. This practice is illustrated in the examples below. 

Descriptions of polymer structures revealed by studies of physical properties focus attention on the distribution of local arrangements present in the molecules, and terms useful in this context are defined in this section. (The terms defined here in relation to complete polymer molecules can also be applied to sequences and to blocks, as in Ref. 2, Definition 3.14.)... 

This document defines the most commonly used terms relating to polymers containing ionizable or ionic groups and to polymers containing ions. Inorganic materials, such as certain phosphates, silicates, etc., that also may be considered ionic polymers are excluded from the present document. Only those terms that could be defined without ambiguity are considered. Cross-references to terms defined elsewhere within the document are printed in italic type. 

For ease of reference, the terms in each section, sub-section, etc. are listed alphabetically and numbered sequentially. Cross references to terms defined elsewhere in the document are denoted in italic typeface. If there are two terms in an entry on successive lines, the second is a synonym. 

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