Wood-Boring

Lindane is used predominately as a seed dressing and soil insecticide, for the control of ectoparasites of humans and domestic animals, for the control of locusts and grasshoppers, and as a residual spray to control the Anopheles vectors of malaria. Because of its relatively high volatility it is useful to control wood-boring insects of timber, fmit trees, and ornamental plants. The mode of action is not well understood but is thought to be competitive blocking of the y-aminobutyric acid (GABA) transmitter of synaptic nerve transmission. 

The first commercially available HCH insecticide sometimes misleadingly called benzene hexachloride (BHC) was a mixture of isomers, principally alpha HCH (65-70%), beta HCH (7-10%), and gamma HCH (14-15%). Most of the insecticidal activity was due to the gamma isomer (Figure 5.1), a purified preparation of which (>99% pure) was marketed as lindane. In Western countries, technical HCH was quickly replaced by lindane, but in some other countries (e.g., China) the technical product, which is cheaper and easier to produce, has continued to be used. HCH has been used as a seed dressing, a crop spray, and a dip to control ectoparasites of farm animals. It has also been used to treat timber against wood-boring insects. 

Fpobtem Suggest a synthesis of optically active S-(+)-sulcatol (13), the aggregation pheromone of the wood-boring ambrosia beetle, from available ethyl (S)-(-)-lactate (14). 

WOOD PRESERVATIVE. A material applied to wood to prevent its destruction by fungi, wood-boring insects, marine borers and fire. A common characteristic of these materials is toxicity to those organisms that attack wood, or in the case of fire retardants the ability to control combustion in terms defined by the Underwriters Laboratory. In addition, a satisfactory wood preservative must aiso (a) be capable of penetrating wood, (bi remain in the wood for extended periods withonl losing its effectiveness due to chemical breakdown, (c) be harmless to humans and animals, (d) be noncorrosive and. (e) be available in quantity at a reasonable cost, Foi certain uses, the preservative may be required to be colorless, odorless, nonswellmg and paintable. 

Uses insecticide/fungicide/herbicide control of termites as wood preservatives to protect against fungal rots and wood boring insects as a pre-harvest defoliant in cotton and also as a general pre-emergence herbicide. 

Including Spin-Orbit Effects through the Wood-Boring Hamiltonian. 

Distel, D. L., Beaudoin, D. J., and Morrill, W. (2002a). Coexistence of multiple proteobacterial endosymbionts in the giUs of the wood-boring bivalve Lydrodus pedicellatus (Bivalvia, Teredinidae). Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 68, 6292-6299. 

Distel, D. L., MorriU, W., MacLaren-Tous, N., Franks, D., and Waterbury, J. (2002b). Teredinibacter turnerae gen. nov., sp. nov., a dinitrogen-fixing, cellulolytic, endosymbiotic gamma-proteobacter-ium isolated from the giUs of wood-boring moUuscs (Bivalvia, Teredinidae). Int. J. Syst. Evol. Microbiol. 52, 2261-2269. 

Seijo [120] has performed relativistic ab initio model potential calculations including spin-orbit interaction using the Wood-Boring Hamiltonian. Calculations ere performed for several atoms up to Rn, and several dimer... 

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