Determinants of effectiveness

When hydraulic gradient is a factor in the tray design, the dynamic liquid seal should be used in place of hsi for the determination of effective head. 

Current readings obtained by direct absorptiometry for two series of thicknesses of aluminum are plotted in Figure 3-3. For each series, the readings define a curve. To determine whether nonlinearity in the electronic components could have contributed appreciably to this curvature, determinations of effective wavelength were carried out for different thicknesses. It was proved that variations in the effective wavelength accounted for virtually all the curvature.11... 

The determination of effective wavelength is of interest here. For each sample of aluminum (of thickness d cm emergent beam current u), an aluminum foil of thickness Ad was placed in the photometer between sample and detector, so that a reduced emergent beam current could be read. The per cent transmittance of the foil, 100f2/fi, was then calculated, and the effective wavelength was read from a plot (e.g., Figure 3-4) calculated from known values of at different wavelengths.12 This calculation is based upon the relationship... 

G. M. Phillips and B. T. Palermo, Physical form as a determinant of effect of buffered acetylsalicylate... 

The paper first considers the factors affecting intramolecular reaction, the importance of intramolecular reaction in non-linear random polymerisations, and the effects of intramolecular reaction on the gel point. The correlation of gel points through approximate theories of gelation is discussed, and reference is made to the determination of effective functionalities from gel-point data. Results are then presented showing that a close correlation exists between the amount of pre-gel intramolecular reaction that has occurred and the shear modulus of the network formed at complete reaction. Similarly, the Tg of a network is shown to be related to amount of pre-gel intramolecular reaction. In addition, materials formed from bulk reaction systems are compared to illustrate the inherent influences of molar masses, functionalities and chain structures of reactants on network properties. Finally, the non-Gaussian behaviour of networks in compression is discussed. 

Determination of Effective Functionalities from Gelation Data. Gelation data from reactions at various dilutions are sometimes used to determine chemical functionalities of reactants(30,31). Such a procedure should be viewed with caution as it assumes that the functional form of the dependence of ring-forming parameter upon dilution which is predicted by theory is that obtained in practice, and, as Figure 6 indicates, this assumption is not always justified. 

Durand P (1983) Direct determination of effective Hamiltonians by wave-operator methods. I. General formalism. Phys Rev A 28 3184... 

ISO WD 16387. Soil Quality - Effects on Pollutants on Enchytraedae (Enchytraeus sp.) Determination of Effects on Reproduction, 1999. 

Annex V to Directive 67/548/EEC is divided in three parts (A, B, and C), which contain testing methods for chemicals that address aU areas of concern. Part B contains methods for the determination of effects on human health. The adopted test guidelines, which are listed in Table 2.9, are available for download free of charge at the ECB Web site (ECB 2006) under the heading Testing-Methods. ... 

Investigation of potential adverse interactions with drugs likely to be co-prescribed with the test drug may also be required. A generalised approach, such as the determination of effects on hepatic drug metabolising enzymes, may be sufficient, but in most cases, a number of drug-specific interaction studies will also be required. 

Pramlintide delays absorption of concomitantly administered drugs Pramlintide has the potential to delay the absorption of coadministered oral medications. When the rapid onset of an orally coadministered agent is a critical determinant of effectiveness (eg, analgesics), administer the agent at least 1 hour prior to or 2 hours after pramlintide injection. 

Method 5.3. Determination of effective cation exchange capacity (ECEC)... 

Useful applications of the Evans proton NMR shift method have permitted the determination of effective magnetic moments peff (see Section 8) and spin multiplicities for several high-spin radical-cation species.This work makes available a simple procedure for such assignments when the spin carriers are stable in solution. 

Many of the authors cited above were not specific about the polyurethanes they used. As we know, the chemistry of the polymethane, its pore size and other factors are important determinants of effectiveness. Some articles did not indicate whether the polymethanes used were hydrophilic or hydrophobic. One clue we found reliable is that if the enzyme of a cell is mixed with a prepolymer, more often than not the polyurethane is hydrophilic. A reticulated foam used for immobilization is typically a hydrophobic polyurethane. It is hoped that this book will influence the research community to be specific about the chemistries of their scaffolds. 

CH3)2C CHC( 0)CH3. [From M. K. Menon and A. L Zydney. "Determination of Effective Protein Charge by Capillary Electrophoresis," Anal. Chem. 2000,... 

Gay (G2), 1958 Experimental study of interfacial drag between liquid surface (nearly horizontal) and air stream flowing over it (co- or counter-flow). Distortion of gas stream profiles by rough liquid surface determination of effective surface roughness. 

D. Maynau, P. Durand, J. P. Duadey, and J. P. Malrieu, Phys. Rep. A, 28, 3193 (1983). Direct Determination of Effective-Hamiltonians by Wave-Operator Methods. 2. Application to Effective-Spin Interactions in -Electron Systems. P. Durand and J. P. Malrieu, in Advances in Chemical Physics (Ah Initio Methods in Quantum Chemistry—I), K. P. Lawley, Ed., Wiley, New York, 1987, Vol. 67, pp. 321-412. Effective Hamiltonians and Pseudo-Operators as Tools for Rigorous Modelling. 

Blanck, H. G. D. Gustafsson, K. "An Annotated Literature Survey of Methods for Determination of Effects and Fate of Pollutants in Aquatic Environments," National Swedish Environmental Protection Board Uppsala, 1978. 

The location and concentration of MAAs within cells and various tissues are prime determinants of effective UV screening. If UV absorption equates to a protective function, then sunscreening compounds would provide maximum benefit if located in external surfaces of cells and organisms.175 In unicellular taxa, MAA distribution and localization are vital factors for cell survival. Since MAAs are water soluble, it is not likely that they would be an integral part of cell membranes, but it is plausible that they are dissolved in the cytoplasm. 

It has to be verified that the IAM model is valid for a certain substance in the x regime envisaged above. It should be remembered that the main application area for this determination of effective Z is the identification of low crystallinity (liquid or amorphous) substances, for which peaks arising from crystal structure should either have been removed previously or are in any case absent. 

Hore importantly, the response curves are noticeably affected where one or both of the components is adsorbable, even at low tracer concentrations. The interpretation of data is then much more complex and requires analysis using the non-isobaric model. Figs 7 and 8 show how adsorption of influences the fluxes observed for He (the tracer), despite the fact that it is the non-adsorbable component. The role played by the induced pressure gradient, in association with the concentration profiles, can be clearly seen. It is notable that the greatest sensitivity is exhibited for small values of the adsorption coefficient, which is often the case with many common porous solids used as catalyst supports. This suggests that routine determination of effective diffusion coefficients will require considerable checks for consistency and emphasizes the need for using the Wicke-Kallenbach cell in conjunction with permeability measurements. 

Determination of Effects of Amino Acid Replacements among Evolutionary Variant Lysozymes on Antibody Affinity... 

Chemical resistance test for rubber linings by Atlas blind flange test Determination of effects of liquid chemicals on plastics Determination of environmental stress cracking (ESC) by the bent strip method... 

Determination of effective purification procedures for FR901379, a key intermediate of FR179642 and FK463. 

A variety of diffusion cells have been developed for transient measurements. The experimental arrangements and the data analysis methods for the determination of effective diffusivities are described in reviews [1,2] and in the papers cited therein. Interesting applications of a diffusion cell with one compartment closed have been described recently for the investigation of the dynamics of ternary gas mixtures [15,16]. In the last papers the DGM and the mean transport pore model have been used to describe the experiments [17]. 

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