Tung nut oil

Synonyms Chinawood oil Chinese tung oil Tung nut oil Wood oil... 

Gastrointestinal Direct stomach irritation -nausea, vomiting and diarrhea California buckthorn (sacred bark), tung nut, horse chestnut, pokeweed Emodin and esculine (toxins) oil from seeds, nuts some medical uses Children are most often affected... 

The seeds of Aleurites fordii, the tung nut (Euphorbiaceae), formerly cultivated in the south central United States, and presently cultivated in Argentina and China produce toxic proteins. There are many references to human poisoning by this plant, as the seed is large and, to many, appears edible. Press cake from the manufacture of tung oil also is toxic and difficult to detoxify. Cocarcinogenic diterpenes have been recently reported from this plant and are undoubtedly responsible for part of the toxic activity (Beutler et al., 1989). Plants of Jatropha curcas and J. mul-tifida, also from the Euphorbiaceae, contain toxic proteins, sometimes called curcin. Both species are planted widely in the tropics. 

Aleurites n. Botanical name for a species of shrub or tree which provides vegetable oils used in varnish manufacture. The various aleurites include A. fordii, A. montanay A. cordatey A. trispermUy and A. moluccana. The first three yield tung oils, the fourth, bagillumbang oil, and the last, candle-nut oil. 

Some of these unusual fatty acids, such as those of seed oils of castor bean, rape seed, coconut and palm kernel or tung nut have been exploited as raw materials for the chemical industry for some considerable time. They represent a stable and variable, albeit relatively minor fraction, of the world vegetable oil market. The quest for new oil seed crops which possess unusual fatty acids and are able to yield sufficient quantities of them on an economic scale have been prompted by diversification of industrial applications, changes in agricultural practices and production and, more recently, unreliable supplies of mineral oils which serve as the raw materials of the petrochemical industry. 

TABLE 10.1 Leading Global Producers of Tung Nuts and Estimated Annual Oil Yields for 2013... 

From httpy/faostat3.fao.org/Q/QC/E (Production Crops Tung Nut). Tung oil production estimated based on 20% yield from dried pressed nuts. 

United States Tariff Commission, October 1960. Tung Oil and Tung Nuts Report to the President of Investigation No. 22-23, Under section 22 of the Agricultural Adjustment Act, as amended. Washington, DC. 31 p. 

Commercially important nuts ia world trade iaclude almond, Bra2il nut, cashew, chestnut, coconut (copra), filbert, macadamia, palm nut, peanut, pecan, pignoHa, pistachio, and Knglish walnut. Coconut, palm nut, peanut, as well as babassu, oiticia, and tung, are important sources of oil for soap, paint, varnish, as well as many other domestic and iadustrial uses. 

Among the oils that contain carbon-carbon double bonds as the functional groups, linseed, tung, corn, cottonseed, rapeseed, and soybean are more widely used as polymeric sources. Linseed oil is extracted from the seeds of the flax plant Linum usitatissimum). The major constituents of linseed oil are a-linolenic acid (60%), linoleic acid (29%), and oleic acid (27%). This composition varies with changes in climatic conditions. On the other hand, tung oil, also called china wood oil, is derived from the seeds or nuts of the trees aleurites fordii and A. montana. The major constituent of tung oil is eleostearic acid (77-82%), whereas the other important components of tung oil are oleic acid (3.5-12.7%) and linoleic acid (8-10%). It is known that the carbon-carbon double bond in oleic acid is at C9, in linoleic acid it is at C6 and C9, and in linolenic acid it is at C3, C6, and C9, whereas eleostearic acid has double bonds at positions C5, C7, and C9. 

PHYSICAL PROPERTIES an oil extracted from the seeds, fruit, or nuts of vegetables or other plant matter considered to be a mixture of mixed glycerides, including cottonseed, linseed, com, coconut, olive, peanut, tung, perilla, oiticica, and babassu insoluble in water MP (unknown) BP (unknown) SG (0.91 - 0.95 at 68 F) VP (unknown). 

This is a small tropical shrub, the roots of which are eaten or used to make tapioca. Cassava belongs to the same family (Euphorbiaceae) as the tung tree (noted for its oil-bearing nuts), rubber tree, and castor bean. There are two main kinds of cassava—bitter cassava (Manihot esculenta) which is used to make tapioca, and sweet cassava (M. dulcis M. aipi, or M. utilissima) which is eaten like potatoes. Lig. C-30 shows a typical cassava plant. 

Cacahuananche Oil n This oil is obtained from the nuts of the tree, Licania arhorea. So far as the usual laboratory tests are concerned, this oil and Brazilian oiticica oil are much alike. The raw oil becomes lard-like on aging but may be permanently liquefied by heat. The raw and lightly heat-treated oil wrinkles as it dries, similarly to oiticica and tung oils. 

Resins. The phenolic resins used are varied. They are novolak, resole, novolak/resole combinations, cresol resins, and rubber-modified and oil-modified novolaks. Tung oil, cashew nut shell liquid (CNSL), linseed oil, and soya bean oil are reacted with phenolics. The value of oil-modified phenolics is the quieter performance of the braking action, and the reduction of cracking in components. Oil-modified novolak resins are supplied in viscous liquid or powdered forms. The flexibility in the cured resin can be controlled by the percentage and type of oil introduced into the resin. 

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