Phenolic resin uses

Phenol was first isolated m the early nineteenth century from coal tar and a small por tion of the more than 4 billion lb of phenol produced m the United States each year comes from this source Although significant quantities of phenol are used to prepare aspirin and dyes most of it is converted to phenolic resins used m adhesives and plastics... 

Uses. The major applications of phenol are phenolic resins, Bisphenol A, and caprolactam. The reaction of phenol with formaldehyde gives liquid phenolic resins (used extensively as the adhesive in plywood) and solid resins (used as engineering plastics in electrical applications). In powder form, the phenolic resin can be molded easily and are completely nonconductive. These phenolic resins or plastics can be found in panel boards, switchgears, and telephone assemblies. The agitator in your washing machine is probably a phenolic resin. 

Note 2 The term is sometimes used not only for prepolymers of thermosets, but also for cured thermosets (e.g., epoxy resins, phenolic resins). Use of the term for cured thermosets is strongly discouraged. 

These adhesives are generally based on blends of solid epoxy resins with resole-type phenolic resin. The epoxy resin component is often not the predominant component in the blend, depending on the end properties required. Phenolics are compatible with epoxy resins and will react through the phenolic hydroxyl group. The amount of phenolic resin used is generally much greater than that required to crosslink with the epoxy, so one can debate whether (1) the epoxy toughens the phenolic adhesive or (2) the phenolic increases the heat resistance of the epoxy. 

Phenolic Resins Used for Wood Laminating D 4497 Test Method for Determining the Open Time of Hot Melt Adhesives... 

The phenolic resins used in most of the commercial resists have a significant unbleachable absorbance at 313 nm but are essentially transparent above 350 nm. 

A cresol novolac resin has been synthesized which exhibits a much greater dissolution-inhibiting effect than in various commercially available novolac or phenolic resins. Using this resin, a positive electron beam resist was prepared and its exposure characteristics were examined. A tetramethylammonium hydroxide aqueous solution was used as the developer. The sensitivity reaches 3xl0 6 C/cm2 without post-exposure baking. It was found that the sensitivity to double exposure was much higher than that to single exposure with the same total dose. A similar phenomenon was also... 

Recently, peroxidases, especially horseradish (HRP) and soybean peroxidase, found increasing interest in resin manufacturing. The peroxidase-catalyzed coupling of phenols[43], catechols1441, hydroquinones[4S1, or anilines146, 471 is a potential substitute for the conventional production of phenolic resins using toxic formaldehyde[48. The resins find applications as conductive polymers[45, 491. 

Thermosetting resin such as curing epoxy resin and phenolic resin. Use clean steel file to file sample powder and then use KBr pellet. 

For the high-resin-content formulation (Table 12), a partial addition of the PF resin can be made just after the initial mix and before sodium hydroxide addition if more fluidity is needed for propeller-type stirring. This formulation is more properly termed a blood-fortified exterior PF resin adhesive for hot-pressing plywood or laminated veneer lumber [52]. Even in quantities this small, the effect of the animal blood is to reduce the hot-press curing time by 2(%30% over that of phenolic resins used alone. For purposes of adhesive solid, calculation, the blood content can legitimately be included with the phenolic resin solids. 

Fourier transform infra red spectroscopy was used to study the cure reaction and reaction kinetics of a commercial phenolic resin, using IR spectra in the absorbance mode. It was found that below 140 deg. centigrade that the... 

Phenollcs. Introduced in the early 1900s, phenolics were the first commercial synthetic resins. They are available as 100% phenolic baking resins, oil-modified, and phenolic dispersions. Phenolic resins, used as modifiers, will improve the heat and chemical resistance of... 

Hagdrup H, Egsgaard H, Carlsen L, Andersen KE (1994) Contact allergy to 2-hydroxy-5-tert-butyl benzylalcohol and 2,6-bis(hydroxymethyl)-4-tert-butylphenol, components of a phenolic resin used in marking pens. Contact Dermatitis 31 154-156... 

Phenolic resins used in these adhesive formulations are sodium hydroxide-catalyzed resoles. The methylol groups react with the hydroxyl groups of the PVA resin, so that the amount of hydroxyl in the PVA is important. The reaction that takes place is shown in Eq. (25). 

Type of adhesive Polymer or elastomer base Major function of phenolic resin Types of phenolic resins used Examples of commercial phenolics used... 

Phenolic resins are prepared by the reaction of phenol or substituted phenol with an aldehyde, especially formaldehyde, in the presence of an acidic or basic catalyst. Their thermosetting character and the exotherm associated with the reaction presented technical barriers to commercialization. In 1900, the first U.S. patent was granted for a phenolic resin, using the resin in cast form as a substitute for hard rubber (11). 

---