Treatment contaminated industrial site

The process can handle a wide range of materials, including heavy metal contaminated wastes. It is very fast compared to conventional processes and produces an easily handled product that can be used in construction. Waste CO2 can be captured and converted into carbonate to yield carbon credits. Target applications include pre-treatment of waste prior to disposal, recychng and reuse of industrial waste, and remediation of contaminated brownfield sites. 

J.F. Artiola, D. Zabcik and S.H. Johnson, In situ treatment of arsenic contaminated soil from a hazardous industrial site Laboratory studies. Waste Manage. 10 1, 73-78, 1990.. ... 

The process can be used to immobilize heavy metals such as Cd, Zn, Cu, Pb, Ni and Co. Cr(VI) can be reduced by some metal-reducing bacteria to the less toxic and less soluble form Cr(III). Arsenate [As(V)] can be reduced to the more mobile arsenite [As(III)] which precipitates as AS2S3, and is insoluble at low pH. Several laboratory-scale tests (batch and column) are currently available to study the feasibility of this process. However, only a few field tests have been performed to date. Two such tests have been conducted in Belgium, one at a non-ferrous industrial site, where the groundwater was contaminated with Cd, Zn, Ni and Co, and the other which was treated by injection of molasses in order to reduce chromium (VI) to chromium (III). A third demonstration in The Netherlands has been performed at a metal surface treatment site contaminated by Zn. The outcomes of a batch test of a groundwater heavily contaminated by Zn, Cd, Co and Ni are presented in Table 5. The initial sulphate concentration was 506mg/l. With the addition of acetate, a nearly... 

All point source and nonpoint source wastewaters at an industrial site must be properly managed for source separation, waste minimization, volume reduction, collection, pretreatment, and/or complete end-of-pipe treatment [39,47]. When industrial waste is not disposed of properly, hazardous substances may contaminate a nearby surface water (river, lake, sea, or ocean) and/or groundwater. Any hazardous substance release, either intentionally or unintentionally, increases the risk of water supply contamination and human disease. Major waterborne contaminants and their health effects are listed below. 

The DOE used the above site date to produce a cost estimate of ISCOR technology. The estimate was prepared for the treatment of a DOE site with the associated departmental contractor rates, which are generally higher than contractor rates at industrial sites. Estimates involve three trichloroethylene (TCE) mass scenarios (8000, 16,000, and 25,000 lb of TCE to be treated). In each case, it was assumed that ISCOR treatment would only be used to treat the zone of highest contamination (hot spot treatment) (D20940F, pp. 17-18). 

Potential sources of non-occupational human exposure to creosote include contact with creosote-treated wood products (e.g., railroad ties used for landscaping), incineration of creosote-treated scrap lumber, and contact with contaminated environmental media at hazardous waste sites (e.g., ingestion of contaminated ground water). At the Koppers Company, Inc. NPL site in Texarkana, Texas, where a creosote wood treatment facility existed for 51 years prior to being converted to a residential area and an industrial site (sand and gravel company), a study by the Texas Department of Health found an increased incidence of skin rashes in residents who had dermal contact with soil at the site (Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry 1994). 

Jefferis et al,36 provide a case study of a permeable reactive barrier installed at an industrial site in Belfast, UK. Historic spillages had resulted in contamination of the groundwater at the site with chlorinated solvents. Concentrations of trichloroethene, trichloroethane and tetrachloroethene reached 390mgl 1, 600 fig U and 100 fig 1 1 respectively. Reductive chlorination of these contaminants using iron filings in a permeable barrier was considered as a potential treatment option. The reactive barrier and associated cut-off walls had to be specifically designed to overcome site constraints. The size of the site was insufficient for... 

Industrial land uses that result in the highest risk from heavy metals are mining of non-ferrous metals, smelting of such metals (particularly Cr), chlorine-alkali manufacture (Hg contamination), timber treatment (As, Cr, Cd contamination), tanning (Cr contamination), metal finishing (Cr, Cd, Cu, Zn, Ni contamination), vehicle breaking (Pb, Cd, Zn, Cu contamination), weapons disposal (Pb, Hg, Cu, Zn, As contamination), paint manufacture and use (Pb, Cd, Hg, Zn contamination) and sites where sewage has been disposed of (contamination by Cd, Hg, Cr, others). 

Groundwater is vulnerable to pollution by chemicals carried by rainwater, leaching from waste sites or from waste water carrying industrial or agricultural effluent. Treatment of drinking water may remove some, but not all, of these contaminants. Some polycarbonate or metal water pipes that are lined with epoxy resin lacquers may release bisphenol A. 

Pesticides in wastewaters come typically from point sources of contamination such as disposal sites and landfills where industrial or agricultural wastes are buried without any consideration, as well as discharges from industrial effluents from pesticide production plants. Furthermore, nonpoint sources derived from regular agricultural activities, especially in intensive agricultural areas, and accidental spills can also be significant. Urban use of pesticides is also possible in large cities where the use of herbicides and insecticides may result in runoff into the sewers. These sewers in turn may expel pesticides into wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs). 

Occupational exposure to higher than background levels of chloroform can be expected to occur in some occupations although few quantitative exposure data were located. Populations with the highest potential exposures appear to be workers employed in or persons living near industries and facilities that manufacture or use chloroform operators and individuals who live near municipal and industrial waste water treatment plants and incinerators, and paper and pulp plants and persons who derive their drinking water from groundwater sources contaminated with leachate from hazardous waste sites. 

SPI Division Level 3 and 4 LTTD systems have been designed and manufactured for thermal treatment of soils contaminated with polycychc aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), including coal tars from former manufactured gas plant (MGP) sites. When equipped with acid-scrubbing systems, these LTTD systems have been utilized in treatment of soils contaminated with a wide range of chlorinated hydrocarbons including industrial solvents and degreasers, pesticides, herbicides, and polychlorinated biphenyls (E CBs). 

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