Arsenic-contaminated soil

White spruce, Picea alba Arsenic-contaminated soil ... 

J.F. Artiola, D. Zabcik and S.H. Johnson, In situ treatment of arsenic contaminated soil from a hazardous industrial site Laboratory studies. Waste Manage. 10 1, 73-78, 1990.. ... 

Ma, L. Q., Tu, C., Kennelley, E. D., and Komar, K. M., 2000, Phytoremediation of arsenic contaminated soils and wastes, Annual meetings abstracts, American Society of Agronomy, Minneapolis, Minn. November, pp. 5-9. 

Arai, Y., Lanzirotti, A., Sutton, S.R. et al. (2006) Spatial and temporal variability of arsenic solid-state speciation in historically lead arsenate contaminated soils. Environmental Science and Technology, 40(3), 673-79. 

Maki, T., Takeda, N., Hasegawa, H. and Ueda, K. (2006) Isolation of monomethylarsonic acid-mineralizing bacteria from arsenic contaminated soils of Ohkunoshima Island. Applied Organometallic Chemistry, 20(9), 538-44. 

The effectiveness of zerovalent iron in removing arsenic from water also greatly depends on the properties of the iron. As(III) removal is especially effective with high surface area 1-120 nm spheres of zerovalent iron (Kanel et al., 2005). Provided that interfering anions (such as, carbonate, silicate, and phosphate) are insignificant, colloidal spheres of zerovalent iron could be injected into arsenic-contaminated soils, sediments, and aquifers for possible in situ remediation (Kanel et al., 2005, 1291). 

Akhter, H., Cartledge, F.K., Miller, J. and McLearn, M. (2000) Treatment of arsenic-contaminated soils. I soil characterization. Journal of Environmental Engineering, 126(11), 999-1003. 

Jang, M., Hwang, J.S. and Choi, S.I. (2007b) Sequential soil washing techniques using hydrochloric acid and sodium hydroxide for remediating arsenic-contaminated soils in abandoned iron-ore mines. Chemosphere, 66(1), 8-17. 

After lead, arsenic is the most common contaminant at US Superfund National Priorities List (NPL) sites (EPA, 2002a, 2). As of 2002, arsenic was a contaminant of concern at 568 or 47% of 1209 NPL sites with records of decision (RODs) (EPA, 2002a, 2). Among the arsenic-contaminated sites, 380 of them have contaminated groundwater, a total of 86 have arsenic-contaminated surface water, and the number of sites with arsenic-contaminated soils and sediments are 372 and 154, respectively (EPA, 2002b, 2.2). Appendix B in US EPA (2002b) lists the locations of Superfund sites where arsenic is a contaminant of concern. 

Bagga, D.K. and Peterson, S. 2001. Phytoremediation of arsenic-contaminated soil as affected by the chelating agent CDTA and different levels of soil pH. Remediation Journal, 12(l) 77-85. 

Fayiga, A.O., Ma, L.Q., and Zhou, Q. 2007. Effects of plant arsenic uptake and heavy metals on arsenic distribution in an arsenic-contaminated soil. Environmental Pollution, 147 737 2. 

Francesconi, K., Visoottiviseth, R, Sridokchan, W., and Goessler, W. 2002. Arsenic species in an arsenic hyperaccumulating fern, Pityrogramma calomelanos A potential phytoremediator of arsenic-contaminated soils. The Science of the Total Environment, 284(l-3) 27-35. 

Nie, L., Shah, S., Rashid, A., Burd, G.I., Dixon, D.G., andGlick, B.R. 2002. Phytoremediation of arsenate contaminated soil by transgenic canola and the plant growth-promoting bacterium Enterobacter cloacae CAL2. Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, 40(4) 355-61. 

Sekhar, K.C., Kamala, C.T., Chary, N.S., and Mukherjee, A.B. 2007. Arsenic accumulation by Talinum cuneifolium—Application for phytoremediation of arsenic-contaminated soils of Patancheru, Hyderabad, India. Trace Metals and Other Contaminants in the Environment, 9 315-37. 

Sizova, O.I., Kochetkov, V.V., Validov, S.Z., Boronin, A.M., Kosterin, P.V., and Lyubun, Y.V. 2002. Arsenic-contaminated soils genetically modified Pseudomonas spp. and their arsenic-phytoremediation potential. Journal of Soils and Sediments, 2(1) 19-23. 

In order to limit the hazard from arsenic-contaminated soils, Warren et al. (2003) pro-... 

Incidental soil ingestion by children is an important pathway in assessing public health risks associated with exposure to arsenic-contaminated soils. Incidental ingestion of soil represents the principal direct pathway for exposure to nondietary sources of As in contaminated areas. The importance of soil ingestion by children as a health issue has been reported by numerous researchers and fully illustrates the importance of this pathway in terms of subsequent chemical exposure (4-8). 

Kim SO, Kim WS, Kim KW. (2005b). Evaluation of electrokinetic remediation of arsenic-contaminated soils. Environmental Geochemistry and Health 27 443-453. 

Lim et al. (2004) optimized the time and electric field applied to each Indian mustard Brassica juncea) plant in a remediation experiment performed in 1.2-kg pots of lead- and arsenic-contaminated soil. The electric potential of 30-40V applied 1 h per day were the optimal conditions to reach maximum phytoextraction after 9-day treatment. In this case, the increase of EDTA availability by the electrical current caused a rapid toxicity response of plants that limited the remediation process. 

The EK-PRB process is also applicable to treat arsenic-contaminated soil. Yuan and Chiang (2007) tested the effectiveness of this process using soil preloaded with arsenic concentrations of 423 and 966mg/kg under a potential gradient of 2V/cm. The PRB media they used were ZVI powder and FeOOH (goethite). In their experiments, the ZVI powder was produced by the reduction of Fe " (Eq. 23.10), and FeOOH was formed by reacting FeCl with NaOH (Eq. 23.11). 

The results for Pig 1 state, The presence of CVAOA was confirmed by HPLC/IC which found 20 ppm CVAOA and 40 ppm CVAA in the sample. The results for Pig 2 state, The presence of DM was also confirmed by the large amount of arsenic found in the sample (>5000 ppm). Current arsenic removal guidelines require the removal of arsenic contaminated soil above 20 ppm, irrespective of depth. 

Arsenic contaminated soil can be effectively cleaned by planting the Chinese ladder fern (Pteris vittata) that absorbs the arsenic while growing quickly. 

Cleaning up arsenic-contaminated soil and water poses a significant problem. One approach... 

Cleaning up arsenic-contaminated soil and water poses a significant problem. One approach is to find plants that will leach arsenic from the soil. Such a plant, the brake fern, recently has been shown to have a voracious appetite for... 

The rate of absorption within plants depends on the species, redox potential, and Fe presence. The P. vittata has a higher potential for in situ cleaning-up of arsenic-contaminated soils and suggests that As phytoextraction is a constitutive property in P. vittata. 

Arsenic-contaminated soils c r bum p9e %%lHch are often Ikfcedl animals tftat crave salt or minerals... 

The As-Cl bonds of arsenical agents are somewhat susceptible to hydrolysis, furnishing not As-OH functionality but rather dimers with As-O-As bridges. The lecture of Martens (this volume) tells of work to detoxify patches of arsenicals-contaminated soil at the former German chemical munitions filling plant near Munster. 

Little is known about the growth of microorganisms in arsenic-contaminated soil. A frightening possibility is that the microorganisms would release arsenic in some volatile form, such as arsine. Even were that not to occur, biodegradation of arsenical chemical warfare agents would not be fully adequate for decontamination purposes, for arsenic compounds would remain in the soil. 

Ghosh, A. K. Bhattacharyya, R Pal, R. Effect of arsenic contamination on microbial biomass and its activities in arsenic contaminated soils of Gangetic West Bengal, India. Environ. Int. 2004,30,491-499. 

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