Trap cropping

Seed invigoration Sociology Soil restoration Terracing Transgenic crops Trap crops Urban agriculture... 

Trap crops Pest control Deguine et al. (2009) Kalinova (2009) Runyon et al. (2009) Torres et al. (2009)... 

A chemical stimulant, a root exudate, is required to break seed dormancy of a parasitic weed and initiate seed germination. Upon receiving a signal for germination, a radicle emerges from the seed coat. However, an additional chemical signal is needed for the radicle to penetrate host roots and form a haustorium. Therefore several plants can serve as catch crops or trap crops for the reduction of the parasitic weed seed bank in infested soil. 

Trap crops or so-called false hosts are crops able to stimulate parasite seed germination but are not themselves parasitized. Each trap crop control at least one species but not all genus species. (Abebe et al. 2005). Dodder (Cuscuta spp.) infestation can be effectively reduced by growing cereals or other grass crops (false hosts) continuously for several years (Dawson 1987). Other examples of suitable trap and catch crops are given in the Table 14.3. 

Striga hermonthica Silverleaf (Desmodium intortum (Mill.) Urb.), greenleaf Trap crops between rows of Khan et al. 2002... 

Flax (Linum usitatissimum L.), alfalfa (M. L.), cotton (Gossipium spp.), onion (.Allium spp.), garlic (Allium sativum L.), proper (Capsicum annum L.), snap bean (P. vulgaris L.), maize (Zea mays L.), sesame (Sesamum indicum h.) Trap crops Abebe et al. 2005... 

These days, allelopathic plants as catch crops or trap crops found utilization in plant protection of tropical regions against parasitic weeds. They do not eliminate the parasite completely but decrease the seed bank in the soil. Other applications of allelopathy for weed control include the use of plant residues as a natural herbicide agent, e.g., water extracts, pellets, flours, by-products of crop processing, etc. The strategies for use of volatile compounds as soil fumigants are developed. 

Abebe G, Sahile G, Al-Tawaha ARM (2005) Evaluation of potential trap crops on Orobanche. soil seed bank and tomato yield in the Central Rift Valley of Ethiopia. World J Agric Sci 1 148-151... 

Linke KH, Abdel-Moneim AM, Saxena MC (1993) Variation in resistance of some forage legume species to Orobanche crenata Lorsk. Lield Crops Res 32 277-285 Lins RD, Colquhoun JB, Mallory-Smith CA (2006) Investigation of wheat as a trap crop for control of Orobanche minor. Weed Res 46 313-318... 

In the coevolutionary interactions of plants and animals, lipids play a major role. They function as ecomones (pheromones, allomones and kairomones) and have been classified by their function. Host plant resistance is partially dependent on these chemical constituents. Lipids may be subdivided into two types. Volatile lipids are generally involved in long distance interactions whereas non-volatile lipids are generally involved after the insect has contacted the host plant. Several examples of each are reviewed. Utilization of these compounds to promote increased host plant resistance could be accomplished by selection of plants rich in allomones, lacking kairomones for a particular pest or those with inducible systems of defense. Another approach is to isolate the defensive compounds of one plant and apply them to crop plants. Trap crops could also be used to lure insects away from other crops. 

It should be possible to create "trap crops", preferentially attract the insects (via kairomones), destroy them and thus protect the desired crop (25). 

Disrupt colonisers Population regulatio Mating confusion, trap cropping, sterile male releases, and low voltage soft electrons for insects, fences, trapping, netting for birds and mammals, sealant, reflective tape and startling sound for birds and rodents n Occasional Occasional... 

Planting trap crops (marigold and sunflower) at low density around the outside of a cotton field to attract cotton pests away from the crop ... 

Cultural practices are agricultural practices used to alter the enviromnent, the condition of the host, or the behavior of the pest to prevent or suppress an infestation. Planting, growing, harvesting, and tillage practices sometimes can be manipulated to reduce pest populations. Other practices such as crop rotation, pasture rotation, varying the time of planting, and use of trap crops also affect pests. 

Trap Crops—Other crops attractive to the pests may be planted early or nearby to draw pests away from the main crop. Destruction of such crops at the proper time breaks the reproductive cycle of the pest before the desired crops are infested. To control the pickle worm in cucumbers, for example, the grower might also plant yellow squash, to which the pest is more attracted. The squash crop can be sprayed or destroyed before the pest can complete its development. 

Control Cover seedlings with floating row cover sprinkle rows liberally with ground cayenne pepper, ginger, dill, or chili powder plant cull onions around the borders and down the rows of seedling onions to act as a trap crop pull and destroy cull trap crops 2 weeks after they sprout bury, burn, or destroy all unwanted onions at the end of harvest plant onion sets late to avoid the first generation of flies. 

Control Plant early maturing cultivars plant and destroy a summer squash trap crop to protect cucumber and melon destroy or till under all residues from cucurbit vines right after harvest. 

Many cultural control practices are thought to work on a variety of levels. Companion planting is generally thought of as a general cultural practice that lessens pest problems. In specific cases, the companion plants may attract beneficial insects, and so in a sense, are a biological control. Other plant companions may serve as a trap crop for pests—a physical method of pest management. Often it is the oldest methods that are least understood in terms of how and why they work. 

Grow pests favorite plants to lure them away from your garden crops. Plant these trap crops around your garden or between the rows. When a trap crop becomes infested, pull it and destroy the pests. For pests that disperse quickly when disturbed, cover the trap plants with a sheet or bag before you pull them. This control method works best for pests that produce only a few generations each summer or for crops that need protection for a short, critical period in the season. A drawback is that you have to sacrifice harvest from the trap crop and garden space to grow it. 

Protection Offered You can use trap crops to catch a variety of insect pests. Un-... 

How to Use To lure flying pests from your favorite crops, plant an attractive alternative nearby. When pests are concentrated on the trap crop, capture and destroy them, or pull and destroy the plant. Try the following trap crops. 

Tomato hornworms are attracted to dill and lovage the trap crops lure the pest away from tomato plants. 

If you want to protect soybeans from Mexican bean beetles, plant green beans between the rows of soybeans as a trap crop. 

Chinese, soap sprays and, 483 club root and, 54,346,360,399 companion planting and, 419 compost or manure for, 418 crop rotation and,6,415-16,418 culture, 52, 54 cutworm collars and, 442 mulches and, 444 problems of, 53, 54-56 seedling protectors and, 445 seed sterilization for, 423 timed planting and, 422 trap crops and, 440 Cabbage aphids, 269 Cabbage butterflies, viral pathogens for, 461-62... 

Chervil, as trap crop, 440 Chestnut, 69-70 American, 69 Chinese, 69 horse see Aescultis)... 

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