Cabbage butterfly

Folic acid is a member of the vitamin B complex found in green plants, fresh fruit, yeast, and liver. Folic acid takes its name from folium, Latin for leaf. Pterin compounds are named from the Greek word for wing because these substances were first identified in insect wings. Two pterins are familiar to any child who has seen (and chased) the common yellow sulfur butterfly and its white counterpart, the cabbage butterfly. Xanthopterin and leu-... 

A synthesis of the mayolenes, defensive lipids from the glandular hairs of the cabbage butterfly Pieris rapae (see above), has recently been described [174]. 

From late spring onward, various moths and butterflies, such as the large cabbage white, may lay their eggs on brassica plants. The resulting caterpillars can be picked off by hand, if wasps have not removed them first. 

These hatch from eggs laid in clusters on the underside of leaves by the large cabbage white butterfly. If too numerous to pick off one by one, remove the whole leaf Wasps love caterpillars, and may remove them all for you. 

The cabbage worm butterfly Pieris rapae crucivora and the sulfur-colored Catopsilia crocale are both found to afford the anticancer component isoxanthopterin (67) (57). In addition, isoxanthopterin (67) from the skin of the European minnow, Phoxinus phoxinus, elicits the fright reaction and hence acts as the alarm substance (52). 

Many Insects have become specialists on crucifers and a few related plant families. These Include flea beetles, leaf beetles, cabbage root fly, aphids, cabbage butterflies and the dlamondback moth. At the same time, several polyphagous Insects such as the cabbage looper, armyworms and aphids are major pests of crucifers. Comparative studies on these specialists and generalists have provided valuable Information on host recognition and possible resistance mechanisms. 

The effect of volatiles on ovipositlon by P. rapae was tested by placing whole cabbage leaves or a container of macerated cabbage tissue under the bloassay cards. There was no evidence for any Increase in the number of landings on the cards with the volatiles, and it appears that ovipositlon is actually deterred to some extent by the presence of volatiles. The possibility still exists that very low concentrations might be attractive to the butterflies, but random landing does occur in the field, and so It seems reasonable to conclude that the non-volatile stimulant is the most important chemical cue for ovipositlon. 

Honda, K, Omura, H. and Hayashi, N. (1998). Identification of floral volatiles from Ligustrum japonicum that stimulate flower visiting by cabbage butterfly, Pieris rapae. Journal of Chemical Ecology 24 2167-2180. 

In contrast to most generalist herbivores, adapted specialists - such as the cabbage white butterfly Pieris brassicae) - can generally handle the toxins derived from glucosinolates (Siemens and Mitchell-Olds, 1996). Moreover, for the imagines of such specialized butterflies, glucosinolates or their... 

Chinese, soap sprays and, 483 club root and, 54,346,360,399 companion planting and, 419 compost or manure for, 418 crop rotation and,6,415-16,418 culture, 52, 54 cutworm collars and, 442 mulches and, 444 problems of, 53, 54-56 seedling protectors and, 445 seed sterilization for, 423 timed planting and, 422 trap crops and, 440 Cabbage aphids, 269 Cabbage butterflies, viral pathogens for, 461-62... 

Figure 14 Mayolenes (34) and pinoresinol (35) characterized from the defensive secretion of the cabbage butterfly,...

Figure 46 3-Nitropropanoic acid esters (193-195) from chrysomelid beetles and pinoresinol (35) from caterpillars of the cabbage butterfly, Pieris rapae.

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