Cultural control

The efficiency of the weathering of rocks in using carbonic acid produced in the carbon cycle is affected by various hydrologic, environmental, and cultural controls. The fact that the principal anion in fresh surface water worldwide almost always is bicarbonate attests to the overriding importance of this process. Exceptions are systems in which evaporite minerals are available for dissolution by groundwater or where human activities are major sources of sulfate or chloride inflow. 

Most biological and cultural pest controls return greater profits than pesticides. For example, biological pest controls are reported to return from 30 to 300 per dollar invested in control (16). Various cultural controls like host plant resistance, crop rotations, and tillage, also return 30 to 300 per dollar Invested in pest control (16). 

Other workers have demonstrated improved lung function (including arterial oxygen level increase [355]) and increased response to bronchodilators [356] after bromhexine. Some evidence of weak activity against tubercle bacillus has appeared [357] this could complicate culture control of anti-tubercular therapy. 

Nemati investigated the inhibiting effect of ferrous iron on the rate of oxidation in a bioreactor packed with a polyurethane foam. Fynn and Whitmore investigated the ability of methanogen species to colonize reticulated polyurethane foam in a continuous culture system. Electron micrographs confirmed that two methanogen species colonized the matrix. The methane output was superior to a liquid culture control. 

Control methods used for insects include host resistance biological control cultural control mechanical control sanitation chemical control. 

Once you have all your options—and potential problems—in front of you, make a comprehensive plan. Next, list the ways you could help control each of the problems on your list. Decide what cultural controls will help prevent problems and when they need to be done. Add the biological and physical con-... 

Stems with sunken lesions. Cause Anthracnose. Sunken lesions with pink blisters appear on stems. Plants may die. Cultural controls such as regular fall cleanup and thinning stems to improve air circulation are effective. Treat severe problems with copper fungicide sprays. 

Cultural controls. These are gardening practices that help prevent pest problems. You can integrate these controls into your overall gardening routine. There are few, if any, harmful side effects on beneficial insects or other organisms. 

Many cultural control practices are thought to work on a variety of levels. Companion planting is generally thought of as a general cultural practice that lessens pest problems. In specific cases, the companion plants may attract beneficial insects, and so in a sense, are a biological control. Other plant companions may serve as a trap crop for pests—a physical method of pest management. Often it is the oldest methods that are least understood in terms of how and why they work. 

Maintain your sanitation standards consistently throughout the growing season. Cultural controls are especially useful in midsummer when beneficial insects are active and garden crops are nearing maturity. Keep problems at bay by adding a few more sanitation techniques to your garden plan. 

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