Tomato hornworm

Type I, represented by the silkworm (Bombyx mori), the Chinese oak silkworm (Antherea pemyi Guerin), the tobacco hornworm [Protoparce sexta (Johannson)], and the tomato hornworm [Proto-parce quinquemaculata (Hawthorn)], responds to the toxin by exhibiting a total paralysis within 1 to 7 hours. Later it was shown that the guts of these insects become paralyzed within 20 to 30 minutes after consuming crystal toxin. 

Homworms are 3"-4 /2" caterpillars with white diagonal stripes. The tobacco hornworm has a red horn projecting from the rear, while the tomato hornworm has a black horn. See page 229 for an illustration of i hese pests. Handpick or spray plants with BTK to control them. Do not spray if caterpillars are covered with. small, white, cigar-shaped projections, which are actually parasitic wasp cocoons. 

Large holes or damaged areas in fruit or ears Corn Squash family plants Tomatoes Corn earworms, European corn borers Pickleworms Tomato hornworms, tomato fruitworms... 

After harvest, till to control pea weevils, root maggots, and tomato hornworms and pinworms. Fall cultivation also destroys plant debris that can shelter overwintering European corn borers, flea beetles, squash bugs, and other pests. 

Tomato hornworms are attracted to dill and lovage the trap crops lure the pest away from tomato plants. 

Tomato galls, grapevine. 111 Tomato hornworms, 229,332,332 basil and, 7 boiling, 431 BTKfor,459 dill and lovage and, 440 pepper and,175 tillage and, 428 tomato and, 231,233 Tomato-leaf spray, 485 Tomato pinworms pyrethrin for, 480 tomato and, 2.33 Tomato russet mites, 307 Tools, sanitation of, 365,422,432,... 

The scope of our investigations into the M. sexta/Solanaceae model system are best summarized In Table I. With three exceptions noted in Table I, we are currently investigating the chemical factors responsible for the observed behaviors In both hornworm preferred and non-preferred members of Solanaceae. However, for the sake of brevity, we will discuss only the allomone Isolated from the wild tomato, Lycoperslcon hlrsutum f. gla-bratum and the kairomonal factors found in horsenettle, Solanum... 

The wild tomato, Lycopersicon hirsutum f, glabratum is covered with trichomes which contain 2-tridecanone. The level of this compound is much lower in the domesticated tomato, U esculentum. This exudate proved to be toxic to Manduca sexta (tobacco hornworm) and to Heliothis zea (121). The density of glandular trichomes, which secrete 2-tridecanone, was influenced... 

In foliage, the concentrations of serine proteinase inhibitors are lower than that in seeds however, the induction of serine proteinase inhibitors has been reported in many plants including tobacco and tomato, and the inhibitors have been proven to function as a plant defense system.79-81 Leaf damage by the tobacco hornworm Manduca sexta was much bigger in tomato plant line deficient in proteinase inhibitor induction than in those that can induce proteinase inhibitor on herbivory.82... 

Eggplants are susceptible to many of the same problems, pests, and diseases as tomatoes, including flower drop or misshapen fruit due to extreme temperatures, flea beetles, Colorado potato beetles, aphids, hornworms, mites, Verticillium and Eusarium wilts, tobacco mosaic virus, and anthracnose fruit rot. See the Tomato entry beginning on page 227 for symptoms, causes, and controls. 

Tobaceo hornworms. 332 pepper and,175 tomato and, 231 Tobacco mosaic virus eggplant and. 93 pepper and,174 sanitation and, 422 spread of, 352... 

Implicated In arthropod resistance. This paper will describe the known effects of these compounds on selected insect pests of tomato and describe some of complexities Involved in manipulating the presence and amounts of these chemicals in the tomato plant to enhance the level of Insect resistance. Emphasis will be on three insect species for which the greatest amount of information is available the tobacco hornworm, Manduca next a L. the tomato fruitworm, Hellothls zea (Boddle), and the Colorado potato beetle Leptlnotarsa decemlineata (Say). 

Some of the complex ecological interactions mediated by plant defenses are illustrated by the resistance of a wild tomato, Lycopersicon hirsutum f, glabratum C, H. Mull, accession PI 134417, to Manduca sexta (L,), the tobacco hornworm, and its effects on several predators and parasitoids of Heliothis zea (Boddie), the tomato fruitworm. 

Kennedy, G. G. and R. T. Yamamoto. 1979. A toxic factor causing resistance in a wild tomato to the tobacco hornworm and some other insects. Entomol. Exp. Appl. 26 121-126. 

Fery, R, L. and G. G. Kennedy. 1987. Genetic analysis of 2-tridecanone concentration, leaf trichome characteristics, and tobacco hornworm resistance in tomato. J. Amer. Soc. Hort. Sci. 112 886-891. 

Along with tomato, tobacco forms a sizeable chunk of the diet of the tobacco hornworm Manduca sexta, and escapes harm by binding the nicotine. The cigarette beetle, Lasioderma serricome, appears to excrete nicotine and is unharmed by it. 

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