Inducers systems

There are two kinds of energy inducer systems a single-entry inducer and a double-entry inducer as shown in Figure 6-7. 

A double-entry inducer system halves the inlet flow so that a smaller inducer-tip diameter can be used, reducing the inducer-tip Mach number however, the design is difficult to integrate into many configurations. 

Anaesthetics such as lidocaine and tetracaine reversibly block the generation and conduction of action potentials in primary afferent fibres without inducing systemic effects when applied locally to dermatotomes. Their... 

R. Hammer.schmidt and J. Kuc, Lignification as a mechanism for induced systemic resistance in cucumber. Physiology of Plant Pathology 20 61 (1982). 

G. Wei, J. W. Kloepper, and S. Tuzun, Induced systemic resistance to cucumber diseases and increased plant growth by plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria under field conditions. Phytopathology 86 22 (1996). 

Rouch, D.A., Parkhill, J., and Brown, N.L., Induction of bacterial mercury- and copper-responsive promoters Functional differences between inducible systems and implications for their use in gene-fusions for in vivo metal biosensors, J Ind Microbiol and Biotechnol, 14 (3), 349-353, 1995. 

Zhinong, Y., Reddy, M.S., Ryu, C.M., Mclnroy, J.A., Wilson, M. and Kloepper, J.W. (2002). Induced systemic protection against tomato late blight elicited by plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria , Phytopathology, 92, 1329-1333. 

Resiniferatoxin-induced systemic vascular leakage (SYVAL). 

The derived AEGLs are listed in Table 1-1. Because aniline is absorbed through the skin in quantities sufficient to induce systemic toxicity, a skin notation was added to the summary table. The reported odor threshold for aniline ranges from 0.012 to 10 ppm. Therefore, the odor of aniline will be noticeable by most individuals at the AEGL-1 concentrations. The odor is somewhat pungent but not necessarily unpleasant. 

Exposure of the eyes and skin to halogens can produce local blistering and corrosion. Some agents also pass through the skin to induce systemic intoxication. 

JP-8-induced systemic immunosuppression is explained in part by modulation of cytokine and inflammatory pathways. Within 48 hours of a single dermal application of JP-8 (300 pL), serum IL-10 levels increase significantly to nearly 3000 pg/mL [36], As IL-10 is known to suppress DTH responses [64,65], it is likely that modulation of this cytokine contributes to JP-8 s immunotoxicity. Furthermore, splenic T-cell proliferative responses are significantly decreased in JP-8 exposed mice, yet this effect is reversed following neutralization of IL-10, administration of IL-12, or inhibition of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) production [60], Additional studies demonstrated suppression... 

Hart, P. H.et al., Histamine involvement in UVB-and cis-urocanic acid-induced systemic suppression of contact hypersensitivity responses, Immunology 91, 601-608, 1997. 

Shreedhar, V. et al., A cytokine cascade including prostaglandin E2, interleukin-4, and interleukin-10 is responsible for UV-induced systemic immune suppression, J. Immunol. 160(8), 3783-3789, 1998. 

Horton, R.C., Sheppard, M.C., and Emery P., Propylthiouracil-induced systemic lupus erythematosus, Lancet,3 34, 568, 1989. 

Mohan, A.K. et al., Drug-induced systemic lupus erythematosus and TNF-alpha blockers, Lancet 360,646, 2002. 

Debandt, M. et al., Anti-TNF-alpha-induced systemic lupus syndrome, Clin. Rheumatol., 22, 56, 2003. 

Although sodium adducts were preferably formed in both instruments, even in the absence of added electrolyte, in order to avoid the possible reduction in ionisation due to insufficient concentration of metal ions in solution, it is recommended that sample extracts are fortified with sodium ions prior to injection. However, the addition of higher concentrations can induce system instability and analyte suppression. Therefore, the concentration of added electrolyte should... 

Kara Y, Caspi RR, Wiggert B, Dorf M, Streilein JW Analysis of an in vitro-generated signal that induces systemic immune deviation similar to that elicited by antigen injected into the anterior chamber of the eye. J Immunol 1992 149 1531-1538. 

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