Snap bean

With some products, particularly snap beans, there may be some reason to question the validity of a negative catalase reaction as a criterion of adequate blanching, especially in the light of the work reported by Bedford and Joslyn (3). In the case of peas, however, it seems to be entirely adequate. There is urgent need for investigation and the development of an adequate method for testing adequacy of blanching in finished products. 

Degree of methylation (DM%) of total pectin of carrot alcohol insoluble sohds (AIS) was decreased from 60.73% for fresh carrots to 48.70, 44.62 and 43.83% for canned carrots preheated at 65°C for 15. 30 and 60 min, respectively (Fig. 2). Similar levels of demethylation were also reported in potato (Bartolome and Hoff, 1972), in carrots (Lee et al., 1979) and in snap beans (Adams and Robertson, 1987) when they were blanched at low temperature between 65°C and 70°C. 

Latterell J.J. Dowdy R.H., Larson W.E. Correaltion of extrctable metals and metal uptake of snap beans grown on soil amended with sewage sludge. J Environ Qual 1978 7 425 140. 

Cypermethrin Ammo, Cymbush 86 0.01 13.92 Snap bean, proc... 

Flax (Linum usitatissimum L.), alfalfa (M. L.), cotton (Gossipium spp.), onion (.Allium spp.), garlic (Allium sativum L.), proper (Capsicum annum L.), snap bean (P. vulgaris L.), maize (Zea mays L.), sesame (Sesamum indicum h.) Trap crops Abebe et al. 2005... 

Evidence of the Effects of foliar a on - cereals - sugar beets - maize - potato - snap bean alkaloidal plant growth stimulation pplication of lupine extracts... 

Few published data are available concerning phosfon D and its effects on plants (12,18, 21), but it is included in this report because its effect on the growth of chrysanthemums is similar to that of AMO 1618 and CCC (8). Phosfon D is effective on chrysanthemums at 1(H and 10 3 M by causing a decrease in height of the plant up to 75%. The effect is reversed by gibberellin (8). Snap beans, cucurbits, and tomatoes, which are dwarfed or shortened by the proper level of phosfon D treatment, are often injured when only slightly higher concentrations of the compound are applied (12, 21). 

Phosphate fertilisers also contain a number of other elements found in the parent phosphate rock (Bowen, 1979 Bockman et al., 1990 Jackson and Alloway, 1992). Cadmium originating from sedimentary rock is particularly undesirable, and processes for the removal of Cd from such fertilisers are being developed (Bockman et al., 1990). Fertilised soils have shown increases in Cd content after a number of years, but there appears to be little evidence for long-term Cd-increase in crop plants, except possibly for wheat (Jones and Johnston, 1989). Mortvedt (1984) determined the uptake of Cd and Zn by several vegetable crops heavily fertilised with triple superphosphate over a ten year period. Cd levels were found to be similar in fertilised and unfertilised snap bean seed, beet blades and roots, and in sweet corn leaves and grain. However, Zn concentrations were found to decrease with P application in all tissues except cabbage heads and cores. Claims that fertilisers promote the uptake of Al by plants have been refuted (Akerstrand et al., 1988). 

The quantity and quality of food in the diet on which insects are reared may affect their size and survival capacity. Variegated cutworm larvae fed peppermint leaves were more tolerant of the insecticides carbaryl, acephate, methomyl, and malathion than larvae fed snap bean leaves. Increased tolerance for carbaryl and methomyl was also observed in larvae of the alfalfa looper and cabbage looper when they were fed peppermint plants instead of their favored host plants alfalfa and broccoli. Furthermore, fall armyworm larvae fed corn leaves became less susceptible to the insecticides methomyl, acephate, methamido-phos, diazinon, trichlorfon, monocrotophos, permethrin, and cypermethrin than those fed soybean leaves. Although nutrition may play some role in these cases, it was found that enhanced insecticide tolerance caused by these host plants was mainly due to plant allelochemicals, which induced detoxification enzymes in the insects (Yu, 1986). 

Damage Both larvae and adults skeletonize leaves of cowpeas, lima beans, snap beans, and soybeans. They feed from the undersides of leaves, leaving characteristic lacy damage severely defoliated plants may be killed. Beetles are most abundant in weedless fields. 

Blum, U. and W.W. Heck. 1980. Effects of acute ozone exposures on snap bean (Phaseolus vulgaris cultivar BBL-290) at various stages of its life cycle. Environ. Exp. Bot. 20 73-86. 

Van Buren, J.P. 1984. Effects of salts added after cooking on the texture of canned snap beans, J. Food Sci., 49 910-912. 

DEAN L L (1968), Progress with persistent-green color and green-coat in snap beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) for coimnercial processing , HortSci, 3, 177-178. 

Softening of Cooked Snap Beans and Other Vegetables in Relation to Pectins and Salts... 

The major cation present In fruits and vegetables Is K. Its concentration can be affected by environmental factors, principally the amount of available E In the soils or root media f 16, Different applications of E resulted In more than a two-fold difference In snap bean pod E (JD, Table III. Higher pod E levels were associated with softer beans when measured after a standard canning procedure. Firmness values In this table and In Tables IV-V1 and In Figures 1 and 2 were obtained as kg force resistance to compression In a back extrusion coll (Jl). 

Effects of K fertilization on the firmness of canned snap beans grown In sand culture... 

Table IV. Effect of leaching and NaCl on snap bean firmness ...

Snap beans cooked 20 min at 115 C. Reproduced with permission from reference 18. Institute of Food Technologists. 

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