Transporters, receptors

Expoitins are transport receptors at the nuclear pore complex needed for the selective export of proteins from the nucleus into the cytoplasm. They recognize nuclear export signal sequences of cargo proteins. 

Cells Binding, adsorption, partitioning Physical dimensions Metabolism Monolayer integrity Membrane domain characteristics (polarity) surface area transporters, receptors lipid composition charge Cell phenotype and culture conditions... 

Hitri A., Little K., Ellinwood D. Effect of cocaine on dopamine transporter receptors depends on routes of chronic cocaine administration. Neuropsychopharmacology. 14 205, 1996. 

Hydrophilic peptides and proteins are frequently large molecules they may enter the brain by carrier-mediated transport, receptor-mediated transcytosis, or by adsorptive-mediated transcytosis. Small peptides, such as di- and tripeptides are transported by the specific transporters, PepTl and PepT2, but neither of them is present at the BBB. Nevertheless, there is saturable brain uptake of the tripeptide glutathione and of several opioid peptides, suggesting that specific transporters, as... 

Ran interacts with transport receptors which load and unload their cargo in the respective compartment depending on the nucleotide state of Ran [138]. An importin binds its cargo initially in the cytoplasm, gets translocated through the NPC, releases the cargo upon binding Ran GTP in the nucleus [139-141], and returns to the cytoplasm as a Ran GTP complex. The removal of Ran GTP... 

Rt Total number of sensitive sites (carriers, transporters, receptors, etc.) at the membrane surface ... 

One explanation for this delay is that the brain adjusts to the presence of SSRIs, and this adjustment is the mechanism by which the drug works. The brain may change the number of serotonin transporters, receptors, or other molecules, a process that would require time as the proteins are made and inserted in the correct positions. 

Spiess, M. (1990). The asialoglycoprotein receptor model for endocytic transport receptors. Biochemistry, 29, 1009-1018. 

In this chapter we will describe the current understanding of mRNA export. First, we will describe the players in this process, including the nuclear pore, the nuclear pore proteins, and the transport receptors. Then, we will discuss the current understanding of the viral and cellular mRNAs export. Finally, we will discuss current efforts to use the new information on mRNA export to increase the efficiency of transgene expression. 

Targeted cationic lipids, 321 Therapeutic vaccines, 475 Tissue-isolated perfused tumor, 424 Transcription factor, 96 Transcription regulatory elements, 2 Transcriptional termination sequences, 6 Translation control, 7 Translation and splicing factors, 97 Transport receptors, 265 Triplex, 34... 

Absorption of cholesterol in the small intestine contributes to maintaining whole-body cholesterol homeostasis, yet the mechanisms of absorption have not been completely defined. For many years it was believed that cholesterol, a normal component of cell membranes, simply diffused through the brush border membrane of enterocytes (Grundy, 1983 Westergaard and Dietschy, 1974). However, the discovery of specific transporters, receptors,... 

Junghans, R P. and Anderson, C. L. (1996). The protection receptor for IgG catabolism is the b2-microglobulin-containing neonatal intestinal transport receptor. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 93 5512-5516. 

Drags which have structures similar to that of endogenous nutrients may be taken up by a specialized transport system (carrier-mediated transport, receptor-mediated transcytosis) existing in the brain endothelium for nutrients. For example, drags having a molecular structure similar to a large neutral amino acid may cross the BBB via the neutral amino acid carrier such drags include melphalan (phenylalanine mustard), L-dopa, a-methyldopa, and p-chlorophenylalanine. 

Hobbs SM, Jackson LE, Hoadley J. Interaction of aglycosyl immunoglobulins with the IgG Fc transport receptor from neonatal rat gut comparison of deglycosyl-ation by tunicamycin treatment and genetic engineering. Mol Immunol 1992 29(7-8) 949-56. 

Hitri A, Cassanova MF, Kleinman JE, Wyatt R (1994b) Fewer dopamine transporter receptors in the prefrontal... 

Dey, S., Anand, B. S., Patel, I, and Mitra, A. K. (2003), Transporters/receptors in the anterior chamber Pathways to explore ocular drug delivery strategies, Expert Opin. Biol. Ther., 3, 23-44. 

Racker, E., 1985, Reconstitutions of transporters, receptors, and pathological states. Orlando, Academic Press. 

Fig. 10.7 Nuclear transport proceeds through core complexes and is mediated by transport receptors of the Importin p-family. These receptors interact with the nuclear core complexes and shuttle between the nucleus and the cytoplasm. (Reproduced with permission of Elizabeth Pennisi and Science from the model in ref. 63.)...

Molecules are complex entities that can be numerically described in many different ways. The molecular interaction fields (MIF) represent a very particular molecular property the ability of a molecule to establish energetically favorable interactions with other molecules. For this reason, MIF have been widely used in the field of drug discovery and development, since most biological properties of a compound depend on its ability to bind different kinds of biomolecules, such as transporters, receptors and enzymes. 

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