Nuclear pore proteins

Connective tissues, collagen and hydrogels of nuclear pore proteins... 

In this chapter we will describe the current understanding of mRNA export. First, we will describe the players in this process, including the nuclear pore, the nuclear pore proteins, and the transport receptors. Then, we will discuss the current understanding of the viral and cellular mRNAs export. Finally, we will discuss current efforts to use the new information on mRNA export to increase the efficiency of transgene expression. 

Nuclear pore proteins [33,37,44,85-87] Human erythrocyte band 4.1 [66]... 

Wimmer, C., Doye, V, Grandi, E, Nehrbass, U., and Hurt, E. C. (1992). A new subclass of nudeoporins that functionally interact with nuclear pore protein NSPl. EMBO J. 11, 5051-5061. 

Park, M. K., D Onofirio, M., Willingham, M. C, and Hanover, J. A. (19S7). A monoclonal antibody against a family of nuclear pore proteins (nucleoporins) O-Linked IV-acetylglucosamine is part of the immuno terminant. Proc. NatL Acad. ScL U. S. A. 84,6462-6466. 

This protocol was developed for yeast telomere hybridization experiments, in which we wished to localize both telomeric repeats and either RAPl protein or nuclear pore proteins. For such it has been most successful to fix the cells lightly, remove the cell wall, and carry out the immunofluorescence steps first. Following antibody staining, the cells can be postfixed and hybridized without loss of the immunofluorescence signal. The primary fixation method is based on the work done by Davis and colleagues (Davis and Fink, 1990 Loeb et al., 1993) to immunolocalize nuclear pore components in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. 

Carmo-Fonseca, M., Kern, H., and Hurt, E. C. (1991). Human nucleoporin p62 and the essential yeast nuclear pore protein NSPl show sequence homology and a similar domain organization. Eur. J. Cell Biol. 55, 17-30. 

Davis, L. I., and Blobel, G. (1986). Identification and characterization of a nuclear pore protein. Cell (Cambridge, Mass.) 45, 699-709. 

Powers, M. A., Macauley, C, Masiarz, F. R and Forbes, D. J. (1995). Reconstituted nuclei depleted of a vertebrate GLFG nuclear pore protein, p97, import but are defective in nuclear growth and replication. J. Cell Biol 128, 721-736. 

The fourth soluble factor is required in vitro to give rates of nuclear import equal to those seen with unfractionated cytosol. It is a small, previously identified phosphoprotein initially called ppl5, but also known as plO or NTF 2 (Moore and Blobel, 1994 Paschal and Gerace, 1995). It stimulates import when present in a partially purified import system (Moore and Blobel, 1994) and interacts with the mammalian nuclear pore protein p62 (Paschal and Gerace, 1995). The S. cerevisiae protein is encoded by an essential gene and it has been shown to bind to Ran in its guanine diphosphate-bound form and to karyopherin /3 (Nehr-bass and Blobel, 1996). 

Schlaich, N and Hurl, E. C. (1995). Analysis of nucleocytoplasmic transport and nuclear envelope structure in yeast disrupted for the gene encoding the nuclear pore protein Nuplp. Eur. J. Cell Biol. 67, 8-14. 

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