Splicing factors

Kruhlak, M.J., Lever, M.A., Fischle, W., Verdin, E.., Bazett-Jones, D.P., and Hendzel, M.J. (2000) Reduced mobility of the alternate splicing factor (ASF) through the nucleoplasm and steady state speckle compartments. J. Cell. Biol. 10 150(1), 41-51. 

Huang, S. and Spector, D.L. (1991) Nascent pre-mRNA transcripts are associated with nuclear regions etuiched in splicing factors. Genes. Dev. 5(12A), 2288-2302. 

The exact mechanism by which Rev interferes with the transport and splicing process is largely unknown. One possible scenario is that Rev interacts with components of the spliceosome, which leads to the release of splice factors that allow cytosolic transport without actual splicing. 

By splicing factor IX to become shorter and without affecting protein function, researchers were able to package the engineered factor IX gene in AAV and express the protein in human cells. More details of this strategy, which has led to human testing is presented in Box 15.2. 

The first splicing step is dependent upon a divalent metal ion, but the second is not.623 Both steps appear to be in-line nucleophilic displacement reactions.624 Additional splicing factors are needed for formation of the U4, U6, U5 complex and its function in the second splicing step, which also appears to require ATP.621 622... 

Alternative splicing could have arisen accidentally, but it is controlled by proteins. Best known is the alternative splicing factor (ASF or SF2).612,637 It was first recognized by its function in Drosophila melano-gaster, where the sex of individuals is determined by alternative splicing of an mRNA.638 In addition to ASF other serine- and arginine-rich SR proteins participate in alternative splice site selection.612... 

Targeted cationic lipids, 321 Therapeutic vaccines, 475 Tissue-isolated perfused tumor, 424 Transcription factor, 96 Transcription regulatory elements, 2 Transcriptional termination sequences, 6 Translation control, 7 Translation and splicing factors, 97 Transport receptors, 265 Triplex, 34... 

Xu, G. M. and M. A. Arnaout, 2002, WAC, a novel WW domain-containing adapter with a coiled-coil region, is colocalized with splicing factor SC35, Genomics, 79, (1), pp. 87-94... 

U2. Utz, R J., Hottelet, M., van Venrooij, W. J., and Anderson, P., Association of phosphorylated serine/arginine (SR) splicing factors with the U1-small ribonucleoprotein (snRNP) autoantigen complex accompanies apoptotic cell death. J. Exp. Med. 187, 547—560 (1998). 

Figure 9.4 Simplified view of the genetic cascade regulating sexual development in D. melanogaster. Genes are in italics, proteins in upper case. The ratio of X chromosomes to autosomes determines whether Sxl is activated. SXL acts as a splicing factor on the RNA produced by tra, resulting in the production of active TRA protein in females, inactive in males. TRA (together with TRA-2) determines the female-specific splicing of fru, dsf and dsx.

A vertebrate homologue of the cell cycle control protein CDC37 was recently cloned and found to be an hyaladherin,62 as was a protein that copurified with the splicing factor SF2.63 An intracellular form of the HA receptor RHAMM was demonstrated to regulate erk kinase activity. Changes in function of these intracellular, depending on whether or not they have HA molecules attached, confers another layer of complexity dependent on intracellular hyaluronidase enzymes. 

Deb, T.B. and Datta, K., Molecular cloning of human fibroblast hyaluronic acid-binding protein confirms its identity with P-32, a protein co-purified with splicing factor SF2, J. Biol. Chem., 271, 2206, 1996. 

While the identification of SF3b was an impressive start, there is some concern over the considerable (645-fold) loss of activity in the Eisai probes prepared at C7. While these probes were used to identify the splicing factor SF3b, it is possible the lack in activity of Eisai s probe molecules failed to provide a complete description of the targets of the pladienolides. In addition, the mode of action of pladienolide B has yet to be directly... 

Spinocerebellar ataxia type 31 is associated with pentanucleotide repeat [(TGGAA) ] expansion at chromosme 16g22.1 in introns of the TK2 (thymidine kinase) and BEAN (brain expressed, associated with Nedd4) genes (Sato et al 2009). The length of the pentanucleotide repeat correlates inversely with the age of onset of symptoms. Purkinje cells in the cerebellum are affected. Aberrant RNA foci may result in disrupted splicing factors in these cells (Sato et al 2009). 

Wu S, Romfo CM, NUsen TW, Green MR (1999) Functional recognition of the 3 splice site AG by the splicing factor U2AF35. Nature 402 832-835... 

Fu XD. The superfamily of arginine/serine-rich splicing factors. 

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