Transitional cell carcinoma bladder

Aboagye-Mathiesen G et al. Interferon gamma regulates a unique set of proteins in fresh human bladder transitional cell carcinomas. Electrophoresis 1999 20 344-348. 

Celis A et al. Short-term culturing of low-grade superficial bladder transitional cell carcinomas leads to changes in the expression levels of several proteins involved in key cellular activities. Electrophoresis 1999 20 355-361. 

Intratracheal administration of 5-15 mg AAF one to two times per week for 17 months in hamsters (total dose 1100 mg) caused bladder tumors in 10 of 23 animals all mmors were transitional cell carcinomas with or without focal squamous cell carcinomas. ... 

A significant increase in transitional cell carcinomas of the urinary bladder was found in mice and rats fed diets containing 5000mg/kg o-anisidine bydrocbloride for 103 weeks. ... 

In hamsters, 0.3% DCB in the diet produced transitional cell carcinomas of the bladder and some liver cell tumors. Liver tumors were also found in mice exposed to DCB. Female dogs fed 8mg/kg/day for a period of 6-7 years had hepatocellular carcinomas and papillary transitional cell carcinomas of the urinary bladder tumors were absent in untreated controls. ... 

Four of four beagle dogs administered DCB by capsule for 7 years had bladder papillary transitional cell carcinoma and three had liver carcinoma untreated controls had no liver or bladder neoplasms. ... 

MOCA was fed to male and female mice for 18 months at a dose of either 1 or 2 g/kg in female mice, but not in males, a statistically significant incidence of hepatoma was observed. In addition, a higher incidence of hemangiosarcomas and hemangiomas was observed in treated animals compared with controls. Urinary bladder tumors (primarily papillary transitional cell carcinomas) occurred in dogs given 100 mg of MOCA by capsule for up to 9.0 years. ... 

In monkeys, intragastric administration of 37-2400mg/kg/week for up to 250 weeks caused nine transitional cell carcinomas of the bladder and three papillary adenomas. ... 

Conzelman GM Jr et al Induction of transitional cell carcinomas of the urinary bladder in monkeys fed 2-naphthylamine. J Natl Cancer Inst 41 15- 56, 1969... 

Russel KJ, BioleauMA, Higano C. Combined 5-FU and irradiation for transitional cell carcinoma of the urinary bladder. Int J Rad Oncol Biol Phys 1990 19 693-699. 

A similar small phase II trial from Germany has reported on seven patients receiving concurrent chemoradiation for transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder with cisplatin and paclitaxel (96). The authors conclude that this combination is at least feasible given an acceptable acute toxicity profile and reasonable efficacy. Another small series is reported by Nichols et al. (97) where eight patients received radiation with concurrent paclitaxel and carboplatin in an attempt at bladder preservation. Three of the patients remain free of distant metastases, and local recurrence has occurred in three. 

K. Radiation therapy and concomitantpaclitaxel/carboplatin chemotherapy formuscle invasive transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder a well-tolerated combination. Int J Cancer 2000 90(5) 281-286. 

Transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder is diagnosed in approx 50,000 individuals in the United States each year, and accounts for 10,000 deaths annually. A majority of patients will present with nonmuscle-invasive disease, be treated adequately with transurethral resection (TURBT) with or without intravesical chemotherapy or immunotherapy, and will have only a 10-15% risk (higher for higher grades) of developing muscle-invasive disease. In contradistinction, the natural history of muscle-invasive disease is much more aggressive, with a 5-yr survival of only 50%. 

The percentage of patients who are alive with an intact bladder at 5 yr is only 38% with this bladder-sparing approach. This is not surprising, given what we know about the difficulties with clinical staging and the recognition of transitional cell carcinoma (TCC) of the urothelium as a field defect. People who are offered this approach as an equivalent option to cystectomy should be informed of these results. 

Soloway MS, Lopez AE, Patel J, Lu Y. Results of radical cystectomy for transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder and the effect of chemotherapy. Cancer 1994 73 1926-1931. 

Mameghan H, Fisher R, Mameghan J, Brook S. Analysis of failure following definitive radiotherapy for invasive transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder. IntJ Rad Oncol Biol Phys 1995 2 247-254. 

Gospodarowicz MK, Hawkins NV, Rawlings GA, et al. Radical radiotherapy for muscle invasive transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder failure analysis. J Urol 1989 142 1448-1454. 

Russell KJ, Boileau MA, Ireton RC, et al. Transitional cell carcinoma of the urinary bladder histologic clearance with combined 5-FU chemotherapy and radiation therapy. Radiology 1988 167 845-848. 

Kyriazis AP, Yagoda A, Kereiakes JG. Experimental studies on the radiation-modifying effect of cis-diamminedichloroplatinum II (DDP) in human bladder transitional cell carcinomas grown in nude mice. Cancer 1983 52 452-457. 

Jakse G, Frommhold H, Nedden DZ. Combined radiation and chemotherapy for locally advanced transitional cell carcinoma of the urinary bladder. Cancer 1985 55 1659-1664. 

Housset M, Maulard C, Chretien Y, et al. Combined radiation and chemotherapy for invasive transitional-cell carcinoma of the bladder a prospective study. J Clin Oncol 1993 11 2150-2157. 

Shirahama T. Cyclooxygenase-2 expression is up-regulated in transitional cell carcinoma and its preneoplastic lesions in the human urinary bladder. Clin Cancer Res 2000 6 2424—2430. 

Mohammed SI, Knapp DW, Bostwick DG, et al. Expression of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) in human invasive transitional cell carcinoma (TCC) of the urinary bladder. Cancer Res 1999 15 5647-5650. 

Lipponen, P. K., Kosma, V. M., Collan, Y., Kulju, T., Kosunen, O., and Eskelinen, M. 1990. Potential of nuclear morphometry and volume corrected mitotic index in grading transitional cell carcinoma of the urinary bladder. Eur. Urol. 77 333-337. 

Sengupta S, Blute ML. The management of superficial transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder. Urology. 2006 67(suppl 1) 48—55. 

Vlahou A, Schellhammer PF, Mendrinos S, Patel K, Kondylis FI, Gong L, Nasim S, Wright GL Jr (2001) Development of a novel proteomic approach for the detection of transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder in urine. Am J Pathol 158 1491-502... 

Theodorescu, D., Comil, I., Fernandez, B. J. and Kerbel, R. S. (1990). Overexpression of normal and mutated forms of hras induces orthotopic bladder invasion in a human transitional cell carcinoma. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 87, 9047-9051. 

In addition to its use in preventing tuberculosis, BCG has been used as an immunostimulant or immunomodulator. The degree of safety of this procedure differs with the technique and the purpose for which it is used. In most areas, the use of BCG to counter cancer has proved disappointing, although it is still used to some extent, generally as an adjunct to other forms of treatment (1-7). More encouraging is the nse of intravesical instillation of BCG for recnrrent snperficial transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder, for which it now constitutes the treatment of choice. 

Oral bropirimine is an immunostimulant that has been used in the management of transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder and upper urinary tract. It is supposedly an interferon inducer. In clinical trials, bropirimine produced mild adverse effects in about 30% of patients. Nausea or vomiting were the most common (21% of patients), and headache, transient liver enzyme rises, skin rash, and arthralgia were observed in 5-14% (1). Tachycardia or chest pain occurred in 5%. Adverse effects required drug withdrawal in 15% of patients (2). 

Erythema multiforme has been attributed to gemcitabine (14). Toxic epidermal necrolysis has been reported in an elderly man receiving gemcitabine for a transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder (15). 

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