Toxicity embryo

Key words Rat, Teratology, Developmental toxicity, Embryo-fetal development, Embryo-toxicity... 

Aquacoat ECD (ethylcellulose polymer, acetyl alcohol, and sodium lauryl sulfate in water) Coating for tablets and capsules Repeat-dose toxicity with routine end points (90 days—oral rat) and reproduction toxicity (embryo-fetal study in rat) No adverse findings for general toxicity or reprotoxicity 29, 30... 

Single and repeat dose toxicity studies (with later mainly in the rat and dog by oral or intravenous route and up to 1 year duration), reproduction toxicity (embryo-foetal studies in the rat and rabbit), battery of genotoxicity assays, carcinogenicity studies (by diet route in mouse and rat) plus ADME studies (single and multiple dosing)... 

The test is terminated by performing a C-section on the day before normal delivery is expected. The uterus is examined for implantation and resorption sites and for live and dead fetuses, and the ovaries are examined for corpora lutea. In rodent studies, half of the fetuses are examined for soft tissue malformations, and the remaining are examined for skeletal malformations. In nonrodents, all fetuses are examined for both soft tissue and skeletal malformations. The various end points that may be examined include maternal toxicity, embryo-fetal toxicity, external malformations, and soft tissue and skeletal malformations. 

Hoberman AM. 1987. Developmental toxicity (embryo/fetal toxicity and teratogenic potential) study of acrolein administered orally (stomach tube) to New Zealand white rabbits. Performed by Argus Research Laboratories, Inc., Horsham, PA, for Baker Performance Chemicals, Inc., Houston, TX. [Peer Reviewed],... 

In vivo Maternal toxicity Embryo toxicity Structural/ functional deficits Determination of developmental hazard... 

UV absorbers for sunscreens should provide an efficient absorption of UV radiation (UVB and/or UVA), and it must be possible to incorporate them into various types of formulation in sufficient amounts. The safety of these substances has to be shown in an extensive program of toxicological studies, such as acute oral toxicity, chronic toxicity, dermal toxicity, embryo-fetal toxicity, photo-irritation, percutaneous absorption, carcinogenicity, photocarcinogenicity, pharmacokinetics and metabolism. 

Health and Safety Factors. Sodium metabisulfite is nonflammable, but when strongly heated it releases sulfur dioxide. The oral acute toxicity is slight and the LD q (rat, oral) is 2 g/kg. Sodium bisulfite appears to be weakly mutagenic to some bacteria, ia rodent embryos, and ia a human lymphocyte test. There is iaadequate evidence for carciaogenicity (183,343). 

Other toxicological effects that may be associated with exposure to benzyl chloride based on animal studies are skin sensitization and developmental embryo and/or fetal toxicity. A 1980 OSHA regulation has estabhshed a national occupational exposure limit for benzyl chloride of 5 mg/m (1 ppm). Concentrations of 160 mg/m (32 ppm) in air cause severe irritation of the eyes and respiratory tract (68). 

Reproductive Toxicity. No data are available that impHcate either hexavalent or trivalent chromium compounds as reproductive toxins, unless exposure is by way of injection. The observed teratogenic effects of sodium dichromate(VI), chromic acid, and chromium (HI) chloride, adininistered by injection, as measured by dose-response relationships are close to the amount that would be lethal to the embryo, a common trait of many compounds (111). Reported teratogenic studies on hamsters (117,118), the mouse (119—121), and rabbits (122) have shown increased incidence of cleft palate, no effect, and testicular degeneration, respectively. Although the exposures for these experiments were provided by injections, in the final study (122) oral, inhalation, and dermal routes were also tried, and no testicular degeneration was found by these paths. 

In five pilot plants that can be used to simulate the route of anionic surfactants from the consumer via the effluent purification plant to the receiving water, possible toxic effects of residual surfactant content and breakdown products of the secondary alkanesulfonates were investigated [102]. As indicators of the effects on living organisms of the effluent in the receiving water, flora and fauna that are frequently encountered in the p-mesosaprobic zone were used as models. The embryo-larval test was also employed as an additional method for the detection of toxic compounds in the water. 

Mansueto et al. suggested that the susceptibility of embryos to toxicants could be first related to their interaction with egg membrane where they could provoke changes of permeability, of transmembrane potential, and of receptors distribution which could in turn drastically interfere with normal cell physiology. Cima et al. observed that TBT alters, immediately after the entry of... 

Mc2Sn(cap) and Et2Sn(cap) do not affect the embryonic development Bu2Sn(cap) and Bu2Sn(cap) exert toxic activity on C. intestinalis embryos in the early stages of development. This toxicity is concentration-dependent and is related to the lipophilic properties of the complexes. Cytotoxic... 

Monooctyltin/ dioctyltin (contd) Rat DOT stabilizer mix (DOT(IOMA) MOT(IOMA) 80 20) Gestation days 6-15 at 0, 1,5, and 25 mg/kg body weight Marginal maternal toxicity marginal but significant embryo-fetal lethal effect LOAEL = 25 NOAEL = 5 Sobering AG (1991)... 

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