Dead fetus

Couri et al. (1982b) reported an increase in the number of resorbed and dead fetuses in cesarean-delivered litters of pregnant rats receiving chlorite doses 70 mg/kg/day during gestation. However, this may have been a developmental toxicity effect. Additional reproductive toxicity studies could be designed to further investigate the potential for chlorine dioxide or chlorite to induce reproductive effects. 

Dead fetus (DF) Dead full term fetus which shows no evidence of maceration. 

Dead fetuses (i.e., fully developed, non-autolysed fetuses that fail to breath) are examined externally and preserved in a suitable fixative, but are generally not examined further. 

Dead fetuses are examined externally and preserved in a suitable fixative but are generally not examined further. 

Procedures following abortion In case of heavy vaginal bleeding, an additional ultrasound examination is performed to check the pregnancy status. A second ultrasound is performed to confirm abortion and if a dead fetus is still present in utero, a cesarean section is performed. 

Observations include the number of implantations, the number of living and dead fetuses, weight, measurement, gross and histological measurements. 

The test is terminated by performing a C-section on the day before normal delivery is expected. The uterus is examined for implantation and resorption sites and for live and dead fetuses, and the ovaries are examined for corpora lutea. In rodent studies, half of the fetuses are examined for soft tissue malformations, and the remaining are examined for skeletal malformations. In nonrodents, all fetuses are examined for both soft tissue and skeletal malformations. The various end points that may be examined include maternal toxicity, embryo-fetal toxicity, external malformations, and soft tissue and skeletal malformations. 

Embryo-fetal toxicity is determined from the number of dead fetuses and resorption sites relative to the number of implantation sites. In addition to the possibility of lethal malformations, such toxicity can be due to maternal toxicity, stress, or direct toxicity... 

Mouse (ICR) Gd 1-18 (F) 83 170 (increased percent resorptions and dead fetuses) Shiotaetal. 1980... 

Uterine contents are examined for corpora lutea, number of live and dead fetuses, and gross lesions... 

The uterus is opened and the implants, live and dead fetuses, dead embryo-fetal primordia undergoing resorption and the respective placentas, as well as the corpora lutea in the ovaries are counted and examined macroscopically. The fetuses are assessed for signs of life, sex, outward appearance and outwardly detectable anomalies, and their body weight and, optionally, crown-rump-length are measured. Then the rat fetuses are killed by CO2-asphyxia. The rabbit fetuses are immediately placed in an incubator for 24 hours to test their capacity to survive and then also killed by CO2-asphyxia. 

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