New Zealand White rabbits

Twelve New Zealand White rabbits were divided into three dose groups, each consisting of four animals (Hart 1976). Diisopropyl methylphosphonate was applied neat, in single doses (200, 630, or 2,000... 

The potential of diisopropyl methylphosphonate to cause eye irritation was evaluated with the Draize Test (Hart 1976). The compound was directly applied to the conjunctival sac of one eye in each of nine New Zealand White rabbits. Significant irritation of the conjunctivae was observed in all rabbits, and the comeal surface was characterized by a diffuse opacity. The opacity was temporary and cleared within 8 days. Irrigation with lukewarm water following application of diisopropyl methylphosphonate reduced but did not prevent irritation (Hart 1976). 

Gonzalez-Mariscal, G., Chirino, R. and Hudson, R. (1994) Prolactin stimulates emission of nipple pheromone in ovariectomized New Zealand white rabbits. Biol. Reprod. 50, 373-376. 

Clark, R.L., Antonello, J.M., Wenger, J.D., Deyerle-Brooks, K. and Duchai, D.M. (1991). Selection of food allotment for New Zealand white rabbits in developmental toxicity studies. Fund. Appl. Toxicol. 17 584-592. 

A group of at least 8-12 New Zealand white rabbits are screened for the study. 

A group of at least 12 New Zealand white rabbits of either sex are screened for the study. The animals are removed from their cages and placed in rabbit restraints. Care should be taken to prevent mechanical damage to the eye during this procedure. 

Species, age, and weight range Sexually mature New Zealand white rabbits are generally used, weighing between 2 and 5 kg. The weight is not as important as the fact that the animals need to be sexually mature. 

Species, age, and weight range Male New Zealand white rabbits weighing 2 to 5 kg are used. The New Zealand white rabbit has been widely used in muscle irritation research for many years, and is a reasonable sized, even-tempered animal that is well adapted to the laboratory environment. 

Species, age, and weight range Male New Zealand white rabbits, weighing 2 to 5 kg, are used. 

PHOTOTOXICITY ASSAY Species New Zealand white rabbits... 

Breslin WJ, Zublotny CL, Bradley GJ, et al. 1990. Methyl bromide inhalation teratology study in New Zealand white rabbits. Midland, Ml Dow Chemical. Study K-00681-033. EPA MRID 415804-01. 

In an acute-duration study using pregnant Alderley-Park rats, whole-body exposure to 1,4-diehlorobenzene at air eoneentrations of 74.7, 198.6, or 508.4 ppm, 6 hours a day from Gd 6 to 15 produeed no adverse clinieal or pathologieal signs in the hepatic tissues of the dams (Hodge et al. 1977). In a similar study. New Zealand White rabbits exposed whole-body to 1,4-dichlorobenzene 6 hours a day on Gd 6-18 experieneed no adverse effects on absolute or relative maternal liver weights at air eoneentrations up to 800 ppm (Hayes et al. 1985). 

The developmental effects of 1,4-dichlorobenzene have been evaluated in New Zealand White rabbits (Hayes et al. 1985). Pregnant rabbits were exposed to 1,4-dichlorobenzene by inhalation at 800 ppm for 6 hours per day on Gd 6-18. At 300 ppm, there was a significant increase in the number of litters with resorptions and the percentages of resorbed implantations per litter however, this effect was not seen at 800 ppm and was thus probably not treatment-related. An increased incidence of retroesophageal right subclavian artery present in the offspring was noted it was not considered to constitute a teratogenic response to exposure to 1,4-dichlorobenzene, but was considered only a minor variation. Based on the NOAEL of 300 ppm, an acute-duration MRL of 0.8 ppm was calculated as described in the footnote to Table 2-1 and Appendix A (Hayes et al. 1985). 

Defaults based on New Zealand white rabbit strain. 

Parent RA, Caravello HE, Christian MS, et al Developmental toxicity of acrolein in New Zealand White rabbits. Fundam Appl TovzVo/20 248-256, 1993... 

Neeper-Bradley TL, Fowler FH, Pritts IM, et al Developmental toxicity study of inhaled acrylic acid in New Zealand White rabbits. Food Chem Toxicol 35(9) 869-880, 1997... 

Mast TJ, Evanoff JJ, Westerberg RB, et al Inhalation developmental toxicology studies developmental toxicity of chloroprene vapors in New Zealand White rabbits—final report, p 243, NTIS Technical Report (NTIS/ DE94-012384), 1994... 

Darmer KI, Neeper-Bradley TL, Cushman JR, et al Developmental toxicity of cumene vapor in CD rats and New Zealand White rabbits. IntJ Toxicol 16(2) 119-139, 1997... 

Research Triangle Institute Teratologic Evaluation of Ethylene Chlorohydrin (CAS No 107-07-3) in New Zealand White Rabbits. Final Report. Washington DC, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, 1983... 

DeSesso JM Demonstration of the embryotoxic effects of hydroxylamine in the New Zealand White rabbit. Anat Rec 196 45A-A6A, 1980... 

George JD, Price CJ, Marr MC, et al Evaluation of the developmental toxicity of methacrylonitrile in Sprague-Dawley rats and New Zealand White rabbits. Fundam Appl Toxicol 34 2) 2 9-259, 1996... 

BRRC. 1988b. Bushy Run Research Center. Developmental toxicity evaluation of o-, m-, or p-cresol administered by gavage to New Zealand white rabbits. Unpublished data submitted to EPA/OTS. Fiche no. OTS0517695. 

It has been reported that embryotoxic or teratogenic effects of some compounds were detected in the New Zealand White rabbit, whereas there was no suspicion of such effects in the rat (2, 3). The origin of these differences between species has remained unelucidated in many cases. However, metabolism, systemic maternal exposure, maternal toxicity, fetal exposure, or placental transfer often explains the discrepancies. 

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