Tools injuries

U) 6 Kumar et al. (2008) India To understand the mechanism of hand tools injuries in traditional farming activities and to conduct ergonomic study of hand tools to minimize injuries Agriculture (just hand injuries) Non-fatal... 

Kumar, A., Singh, J.K., Mohan, D., Varghrse, M. Farm hand tools injuries A case study from northern India Safety Science vol. 46 (54- 5) 2008. 

Hot Work. The objective of a hot work standard is to prevent fires, explosions, and other causes of injury which might result from workplace ignition sources such as welding (qv), cutting, grinding, and use of electrically powered tools. The OSHA standards have specific requirements (36,94) for fire prevention and protection and a permit system. 

The Henningsen decision sought to impose strict HabiUty against manufacturers within the framework of the Uniform Commercial Code. Only a short time elapsed before the courts recognized that the language used by the UCC to address HabiUty provided a clumsy tool for prosecuting personal injury cases, and that strict HabiUty was a purely tort doctrine. 

When you write on a blackboard with chalk, you are not unduly inconvenienced if 3 pieces in 10 break while you are using it but if 1 in 2 broke, you might seek an alternative supplier. So the failure probability, Pf, of 0.3 is acceptable (just barely). If the component were a ceramic cutting tool, a failure probability of 1 in 100 (Pf= 10 ) might be acceptable, because a tool is easily replaced. But if it were the window of a vacuum system, the failure of which can cause injury, one might aim for a Pf of lO and for a ceramic protective tile on the re-entry vehicle of a space shuttle, when one failure in any one of 10,000 tiles could be fatal, you might calculate that a Pf of 10 was needed. 

In addition, a properly designed JHA is a good learning tool that you can use to evaluate incidents. Job-related incidents occur every day in the workplace. These incidents, which include injuries and fatalities, often occur because employees are not trained in the proper job procedures. One way to reduce these workplace incidents is to develop proper job procedures and train all employees in the safer and more efficient work methods. 

The Chemical Process Industry (CPI) uses various quantitative and qualitative techniques to assess the reliability and risk of process equipment, process systems, and chemical manufacturing operations. These techniques identify the interactions of equipment, systems, and persons that have potentially undesirable consequences. In the case of reliability analyses, the undesirable consequences (e.g., plant shutdown, excessive downtime, or production of off-specification product) are those incidents which reduce system profitability through loss of production and increased maintenance costs. In the case of risk analyses, the primary concerns are human injuries, environmental impacts, and system damage caused by occurrence of fires, explosions, toxic material releases, and related hazards. Quantification of risk in terms of the severity of the consequences and the likelihood of occurrence provides the manager of the system with an important decisionmaking tool. By using the results of a quantitative risk analysis, we are better able to answer such questions as, Which of several candidate systems poses the least risk Are risk reduction modifications necessary and What modifications would be most effective in reducing risk ... 

Cause-consequence analysis serx es to characterize tlie physical effects resulting from a specific incident and the impact of these physical effects on people, the environment, and property. Some consequence models or equations used to estimate tlie potential for damage or injury are as follows Source Models, Dispersion Models, Fire Explosion Models, and Effect Models. Likelihood estimation (frequency estimation), cliaractcrizcs the probability of occurrence for each potential incident considered in tlie analysis. The major tools used for likelihood estimation are as follows Historical Data, Failure sequence modeling techniques, and Expert Judgment. 

Good housekeeping can play a major part in maintaining a safe and environmentally sound place of work. Tripping over material not tidied away causes many accidents. Another source of potential injury is in the lack of secure storage of cleaning equipment, tools, etc. 

It follows that with any tool or equipment that is potentially dangerous or operators who may suffer injury from its use must be protected. To meet this requirement, training must be provided. 

If laboratory personnel are expected to perform repairs and maintenance, the proper tools must be available. This is particularly true in an educational laboratory, where stockroom personnel have a multitude of repair and maintenance jobs to perform. Only the highest quality tools should be purchased, as they will cost less in the long run. A cheap screwdriver, for instance, will soon begin to wear and damage screws that are hard to replace. It may even slip and cause injury. An almost right wrench will damage nuts beyond use. A cheap wire cutter may leave a few strands of wire uncut, an annoying and possibly hazardous condition. 

In contrast to other analytical methods, ion-selective electrodes respond to an ion activity, not concentration, which makes them especially attractive for clinical applications as health disorders are usually correlated to ion activity. While most ISEs are used in vitro, the possibility to perform measurements in vivo and continuously with implanted sensors could arm a physician with a valuable diagnostic tool. In-vivo detection is still a challenge, as sensors must meet two strict requirements first, minimally perturb the in-vivo environment, which could be problematic due to injuries and inflammation often created by an implanted sensor and also due to leaching of sensing materials second, the sensor must not be susceptible to this environment, and effects of protein adsorption, cell adhesion, and extraction of lipophilic species on a sensor response must be diminished [13], Nevertheless, direct electrolyte measurements in situ in rabbit muscles and in a porcine beating heart were successfully performed with microfabricated sensor arrays [18],... 

An important class of noncompetitive antagonists selective for AMPA receptors is represented by the 2,3-benzodiazepines such as GYKI 53655. These compounds act at sites different from those acted on by cyclothiazide and are useful tools for isolating synaptic responses mediated by kainate receptors. These compounds also show some promise as neuroprotective drugs for treating ischemic neuronal injury. 

Policy makers, practitioners, and scholars from a variety of disciplines have recently embraced a new approach to risk reduction in health care—a "systems approach"—without proposing any specific reforms of medical liability law. The Institute of Medicine (IOM) placed its imprimatur on this approach in its recent reports (Kohn et al., 2000 IOM, 2001). In its simplest form, a systems approach to risk reduction in health care posits that an injury to a patient is often the manifestation of a latent error in the system of providing care. In other words, a medical mishap is the proverbial "accident waiting to happen" because the injury-preventing tools currently deployed, including medical liability law, are aimed at finding the individuals at fault rather than the systemic causes of error. Coexistence of a systems approach to error reduction and medical liability law as a conceptual framework for policy makers implies that the latter is likely to evolve in an incremental fashion as the former makes more visible different aspects of the medical error problem. 

Play fighting is much more frequent than real fighting, in playgrounds. A proportion of play fighting can, however, turn into real fighting. The most usual reason, at least in middle childhood, appears to relate to honest mistakes or accidental injury. However in some children, and more frequently by early adolescence, R T may be used more deliberately as a social tool, consistent with a cheating hypothesis. 

Landolt H, Langemann H. 1996. Cerebral microdialysis as a diagnostic tool in acute brain injury. Eur Anaesthesiol 13... 

One useful tool of risk assessment is to compare the risk before and after prevention or mitigation to determine the difference in risk. A cost benefit analysis can be completed that determines the cost of the mitigation versus the amount of risk reduction. All costs need to be calculated to determine a cost per year. These costs would include fire damage, injury or fatality, insurance cost increases, loss of profits, etc. The cost of the mitigation, including capital and maintenance costs, needs to be determined. 

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