Times Beach testing

Two very promising alternatives for treating dioxin - contaminated soil are the Shirco process and the thermal desorption method. The Shirco process places contaminated soil on a moving grate. The soil is heated by infrared heaters or by burners, and vapors are destroyed in a secondary combustion chamber. This process has been demonstrated on a small scale at the Times Beach test facility and will be tested further under various private and governmental sponsorships. 

Pollutant realism Is achieved when the test system Includes sufficient diversity of components and the physical and chemical properties so that the pollutant behaves In the test system as it would In nature. Pollutant realism Is lacking because, In most test protocols, the pollutant does not Interact with any part of the environment, except the organism. A lack of pollutant realism In traditional tests may result In overestimates of risk. As an example, substantial Information Is now available about the toxicity of TCDD to numerous species when they are exposed via Injection, Incubation, diet, or dermal application. At Times Beach, Missouri, the TCDD is In the soli, and because It has apparently been there for some time, It is probably tightly bound to the soil. Little Is published about the toxicity of TCDD bound to soil, for any means of exposure. Intuitively, I suspect the TCDD Is less toxic when bound to soil than In the forms commonly used In toxicity testing. Thus, the risks of TCDD-lnduced toxicity to humans at Times Beach may be much smaller than would be suggested by the results of traditional testing which lacks this aspect of pollutant realism. 

The results of toxicity testing and liver analysis support the conclusions on bioavailability of TCDD from these soils previously presented by our group (10,12-15) for the Newark soil, and by McConnell et al for Times Beach soil ( ). However, AHH induction in rats treated with Newark or Times Beach soil was equivalent. 

Shirco talked with the Missouri Department of Natural Resources in early 1985 about the Times Beach site and convinced them of the Unit s capability based on these discussions and their observation of another test. Subsequently, the decision was made to take the Unit to the Times Beach site to demonstrate its capability with dioxin decontamination. 

The Portable Unit arrived at the Times Beach Dioxin Research Facility on July 8, 1985, to demonstrate decontamination of the dioxin laden soil. The Unit was set up and made ready for operation within a few hours after arrival to the site. This rapid setup demonstrated its unique capability for mobility. The testing personnel followed a safety plan developed by the Missouri DNR which included pretest physical examinations, use of Class C safety clothing, and vital sign monitoring and rest periods for personnel. The weather was hot and humid which required the work in the trailer to be limited to 20 minutes at a time. 

The Portable Unit has successfully demonstrated its capability for thermal treatment of hazardous wastes at the source of the material. This type of on-site treatment would eliminate the need of transportation of hazardous materials to a distant site of stationary treatment equipment. The Portable Unit also has demonstrated that it can be moved to a site and be ready to treat material very quickly, a capability which will be very important in operation of full scale equipment. The on-site treatment of the Times Beach dioxin contaminated soil resulted in no dioxin detected in any of the incinerator effluent streams. The product of the testing activity was soil with no detectable level of dioxin. Dioxin contaminated soil thermally treated in this manner will yield soil which can be disposed as non-hazardous material. The decontamination was performed without exceeding RCRA requirements for particulate emissions and with dioxin destruction efficiencies surpassing the required percentage. The overall conclusion was that the infrared incinerator can very effectively remove dioxin from contaminated... 

Besides studies on biodegradation, rhamnolipid surfactants have been tested to enhance the release of low solubility compounds from soil and other solids. They have been found to release three times as much oil as water alone from the beaches in Alaska after the Exxon Valdez tanker spiU [40]. Removal efficiency varied according to contact time and biosurfactant concentration. Scheibenbogen et al. [41] found that the rhamnolipids from R aeruginosa UG2 were able to effectively remove a hydrocarbon mixture from a sandy... 

To analyze the performance difference between horizontal and vertical wells, Plummer et al. (1997) performed laboratory tests in both saturated beach sand and glass beads to analyze the air flow created by both types of wells. Their apparatus consisted of a two-dimensional Lexan tank topped by a manifold/flowmeter system designed to measure regional effluent gas flow rates. They found that under the same air injection pressure, a horizontal well allowed for one and a half to two times higher air flow than a vertical well. Additionally, more groundwater was displaced during the use of a horizontal well, indicating the existence of more extensive air flow. 

Panels are exposed on ocean beaches. The difficulties in such tests are discussed in Reference 97. The steel used is a critical variable (98). Film thickness, evenness of application, flash-off time, baking time and temperature, and many other variables affect performance. Results obtained with laboratory panels can be quite different than results with actual production products. It is desirable to paint test sections on ships, bridges, and chemical storage tanks, and observe their condition over the years. 

FIG. 6—Quantitative test results for coated steel sheet In marine atmosphere (250-m lot at Kure Beach, NC) [39] top thickness loss versus time (linear scale) middle thickness loss versus time (logarithmic scale) bottom thickness loss rate versus time. 

It is not known when this picture was taken, but with the two inlet jetties in place, the southern jetty can be applied to test the stability of Doran Beach at the time after the installation of these jetties. First, application of MEPBAY with the tip B renders the predicted static bay shape landward of the existing waterline. This is similar to that before the jetty construction, but this later static bay shape marked as B D is closer to the existing shoreline than the previous A D, hence, less potential erosion overall. It can be envisaged that beach may retreat if sediment supply reduces in the future. However, for a bay beach in dynamic condition, a... 

Hasselman, T.K., An Analytical Basis for Time-Modulated Random Vibration Testing, Rep. 11282-6001-R0-00, TRW Systems, Redondo Beach, Calif, 1969. 

Marine environments are subject to chloride attack resulting from the deposition of fine droplets of crystals formed by evaporation of spray that has been carried by the wind from the sea. The quantity of chloride deposition from marine environment is directly proportional to the distance from the shore. The closer to the shore, the greater the deposition and corrosive effect. The atmospheric test station at Kure Beach, North Carolina shows that steels exposed 80 feet from the ocean corrode 10-15 times faster than steels exposed 800 feet from the ocean. 

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