Technical aspects of safety

The principles for the design and construction of nuclear installations are established in Section 5 of Ref [1] and are reproduced below  

To comply with the safety objectives set out in para. 2.2, the design and construction of the nuclear installation shall ensure (a) the limitation of radiation exposures, radioactive releases and the generation of radioactive waste in all operational states, as far as is reasonably achievable (b) the 

Components, systems and structures with high reliability  

Specific considerations in design to minimize personnel exposures  

The appropriate classification of SSCs, including software, that are items important to safety, on the basis of their safety significance  

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Traditional accident models were devised to explain losses caused by failures of physical devices (chain or tree of failure events) in relatively simple systems. They are less useful for explaining accidents in software-intensive systems and for non-technical aspects of safety such as organizational culture and human decision-making. Creation of an infrastructure based on which safety analysis can function efficiently and effectively is needed. A so called safety culture for a development company and processes associated with routine tasks there, in general, is now identified as an area of root cause of accidents and that there is the greatest... 

Filippov, V.L., Rrinitsyn, N.V., Filippova, Yu.V., Kiselev, D.B. (2005). Principal parameters of public health and dynamics of disability of the personnel engaged in VX production up to 1987. Khimicheskaya I Biologicheskaya Bezopasnost [Chemical and Biological Safety] 1-2 143-4. Proceedings of the 2nd Research and Practical Conference Scientific and Technical Aspects of Safety during Destruction, Storage, and Transport of Chemical Weapons , Moscow, October 6-8, 2004. (In Russian)... 

Bob Renee was hired fresh out of college by a small company to handle safety. Because Bob had a degree in occupational safety, the owners believed he would be in a position to handle the safety function for a small facility. Bob felt confident he understood the technical aspects of safety he even had a handle on management. What he really did not understand, however, was how it all fit together. As a result. Bob left after a few months because he needed more direction from his superiors. ... 

As might already be clear from the above, the implications of adopting a scientific viewpoint for safety cases are not primarily in respect of the technical aspects of safety cases. Rather, they relate more to principles and interpretation. That does not mean they are unimportant. Many of the criticisms of safety cases raised in the Haddon-Cave report (Haddon-Cave 2009) concern attitudes, and attitudes can be conditioned or significantly affected by such things. 

This book has been written both for those who design offshore facilities and those who operate and maintain them. The focus of the book is on the management of offshore safety. Another book in this series, Process Risk and Reliability Management, provides detailed information on the technical aspects of safety management. 

There are three safety objectives the first is general in nature. The other two are complementary and deal with radiation protection and the technical aspects of safety. The following paragraphs are reproduced directly from Ret [1] ... 

Complete knowledge of all engineering disciplines is not possible for any safety engineer. A safety engineer will often depend on assistance from other engineering specialists. However, sufficient knowledge of each area is necessary to effectively commimicate about safety and health matters. The role of communicator on the technical aspects of safety and health is crucial for safety engineers. 

The essential requirements contained in Aimex I of each new approach Directive specify the aspects of safety and performance that must be satisfied at the time at which a relevant product is placed on the market. Essential requirements are stated as principles or as generalised aspects and exclude detailed technical requirements. The scheme of the Community s new approach is that detailed technical aspects are not required as legal obligations but, if they are generally accepted, may be applied voluntarily by manufacturers through being included in official standards. The essential requirements are intended to be comprehensive and all must be satisfied save for those requirements that do not apply to a particular product as a matter of common sense. 

These reports are based on 120 technical reports (here denoted by KBS TR) on different technical aspects of waste treatment and ground disposal. More than 70 university departments and consulting companies in Sweden and abroad have been engaged in the preparation of these reports. The research on storage of radioactive waste in the ground is still in progress, both within the Nuclear Fuel Safety Project but also within a Swedish-American joint project between Swedish Nuclear Fuel Supply Co(Svensk Karnbranslefdrsorjning AB, SKBF), Fack, S-10240 Stockholm, Sweden, and Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory, Earth Science Division, University of California, Berkeley. 

In Equations 2.9 and 2.10, the enthalpy of evaporation used is the specific enthalpy of evaporation, expressed in kjkg 1. These expressions only give the amount of solvent evaporated, which is a static parameter. They give no information about the vapor flow rate, which is related to the dynamics of the process, that is, the reaction rate (see Section 9.4). This aspect is discussed in the chapter on technical aspects of reactor safety. 

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