Tandem mass spectrometry environmental samples

The need to understand the fate of pesticides in the environment has necessitated the development of analytical methods for the determination of residues in environmental media. Adoption of methods utilizing instrumentation such as gas chro-matography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS), liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry (LC/MS), liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry (LC/MS/MS), or enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) has allowed the detection of minute amounts of pesticides and their degradation products in environmental samples. Sample preparation techniques such as solid-phase extraction (SPE), accelerated solvent extraction (ASE), or solid-phase microextraction (SPME) have also been important in the development of more reliable and sensitive analytical methods. 

Shahgholi, M. Ohorodnik, S. Callahan, J. H. Fox, A. Trace detection of underiva-tized muramic acid in environmental dust samples by microcolumn liquid chromatography electrospray-tandem mass spectrometry. Anal. Chem. 1997, 69, 1956-1960. 

Petrovic M, Hernando MD, Diaz-Cruz MS, Barcelo D (2005) Liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry for the analysis of pharmaceutical residues in environmental samples a review. J Chromatogr A 1067 1-14... 

Hernandez F. et al., 2001. Rapid direct determination of pesticides and metabolites in environmental water samples at sub-/tg/L level by online solid-phase extraction-liquid chromatography-electrospray tandem mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr A 939 1. 

As a consequence, for unequivocal identification of the constituents of complex mixtures found in surfactant blends and also in the analyses of surfactants and their metabolites in environmental samples, MS and tandem mass spectrometry (MS-MS) have proved to be more advantageous and are discussed thoroughly in Chapter 2. To optimise the output of reliable results and to save manpower and time certain procedures in sample preconcentration, clean-up and separation prior to MS examinations are inevitable. These are discussed in the present book in more detail in Chapter 3. 

Tandem mass spectrometry (i.e., MS-MS) is another technique that has recently become popular for the direct analysis of individual molecular markers in complex organic mixtures [87,505,509,578 - 583]. This technique provides a rapid method for the direct analysis of specific classes of molecular markers in whole sample extracts. In this approach the system is set up to monitor the parent ions responsible for a specific daughter ion as described above and the distribution of parent ions obtained under these conditions should provide the same information as previously obtained by GC-MS [505, 582]. Even greater specificity can be achieved by a combination of GC-MS-MS [516,584]. In view of the complexity of COM samples and the need to detect the presence of individual organic compounds or classes of compounds, it would seem that MS-MS, especially coupled with GC, would be extremely valuable in future environmental organic geochemistry studies. 

Marin JM, Gracia-Lor E, Sancho JV et al (2009) Application of ultra-high-pressure liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry to the determination of multi-class pesticides in environmental and wastewater samples Study of matrix effects. J Chromatogr A 1216 1410-1420... 

Pozo, O.J., J.V. Sancho, M. Ibanez, et al. 2006. Confirmation of organic micropollutants detected in environmental samples by liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry Achievements and pitfalls. Trends Anal. Chem. 25 1030-1042. 

Salado-Petinal, C., M. Garcia-Chao, M. Llompart, C. Garcia-Jares, and R. Cela. 2006. Headspace solid-phase microextraction gas chromatography tandem mass spectrometry for the determination of bromi-nated flame retardants in environmental solid samples. Anal. Bioanal. Chem. 385 637-644. 

Bobbie BA, Clement RE, Taguchi VY. 1989. Determination of chlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins (CDD) and dibenzofurans (CDF) in environmental samples by tandem mass spectrometry. Chemosphere 18 155-162. 

S.-A.A. Fredriksson, L.-G. Hammarstrom, L. Henriksson and H.-A.A. Lakso, Trace determination of alkyl methylphosphonic acids in environmental and biological samples using gas chromatography/negative-ion chemical ionization mass spectrometry and tandem mass spectrometry, J. Mass Spectrom., 30, 1133-1143 (1995). 

Liquid chromatography combined with tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) is the analytical technique of choice for measurement of ionic PFCs in environmental samples. Recent reviews on the use of this technique for the analysis of PFCs have been published by de Voogt and Saez [111] and Villigrasa, Lopez de Alda and Barcelo [96]. 

C. Sottani, R. Turd, G. Micoli, M. L. Fiorentino, and C. Minoia, Rapid and sensitive determination of paclitaxel (Taxol ) in environmental samples by high-performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry, Rapid Commun. Mass Spectrom. 14 (2000) 930. 

Thomas, D., S.M. Crain, P.G. Sim, and F.M. Benoit. 1995. Application of reversed phase liquid chromatography with atmospheric pressure chemical ionization tandem mass spectrometry to the determination of polycyclic aromatic sulfur heterocycles in environmental samples. J. Mass Spectrom. 30 1034—1040. 

Anacleto, J. E., Ramaley, L., Boyd, R. K., Ploeasance, S., QuiUiam, M. A., Sim, P. G., and Benoit, F. M., Analysis of polycychc aromatic compounds by supercritical fluid chromatography mass spectrometry using atmospheric-pressure chemical ionization. Rapid Commun. Mass Spectrom., 5, 149-155,1991. Mansoori, B. A., Isomeric identification and quantification of polycychc aromatic hydrocarbons in environmental samples by liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry using a high pressure quadrupole collision cell, Rapid Common. Mass Spectrom., 12, 712-728, 1998. 

Pyle, S. M. and Marcus, A. B., Rapid and sensitive determination of pesticides in environmental samples by accelerated solvent extraction and tandem mass spectrometry, J. Mass Spectrom., 32, 897-898, 1997. 

Kelly, C., Analysis of steroids in environmental water samples using solid-phase extraction and ion-trap gas chromatography-mass spectrometry and gas chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry, J. Chromatogr. A, 872, 309-314, 2000. 

Chenau J, Fenaille F, Simon S, Filali S, Volland H, Junot C, Camiel E, Becher F. Detection of Yersinia pestis in environmental and food samples by intact cell immunocapture and liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Anal Chem. 2014 86(12) 6144-52. doi 10.1021/ ac501371r. 

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