Polycyclic aromatic sulfur heterocycles

Gimeno R.A. et al., 2002. Determination of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and polycyclic aromatic sulfur heterocycles by high-performance liquid chromatography with fluorescence and atmospheric pressure chemical ionization mass spectrometry detection in seawater and sediment samples. J Chromatogr A 958 141. 

Many sulfur-containing organic compounds can be isolated from natural sources such as crude oil, petroleum, gas condensates, and coals <2004MI1>. By chromatographic methods <1999MI58> various polycyclic aromatic sulfur heterocycles (PASHs) (1-7) have been identified from standard samples of coal tar, petroleum crude oil and decant oil. 

Polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins (PCDDs), polychlorinated dibenzofurans (PCDFs), polychlorobiphenyls (PCBs), and polychlorophenols (PCPs) are well-known artifacts ubiquitous in the present environment. Due to their lipophilic-ity and resistance to metabolism or chemical degradation these have the potential to accumulate in the food chain and cause toxic effects [1, 2]. Polycyclic aromatic sulfur heterocycles (PASHs) along with different kinds of polycyclic aromatic compounds (PACs) also occur widely in the environment [3,4]. In particular, alkylated dibenzothiophenes have previously been found to be persistent residues in the marine environment after oil spills. Dibenzothiophene and its alkylated derivatives have been found to accumulate in fish and other marine organisms [5-7]. 

Mossner, S.G., Lopez de Alda, M.J., Sander, L.C., Lee, M.L. and Wise, S.A. (1999). Gas Chromatographic Retention Behavior of Polycyclic Aromatic Sulfur Heterocyclic Compounds, (diben-zothiophene, naphtho[b]thiophenes, benzo[b]naphthothiophenes and alkyl-substituted derivatives) on Stationary Phases of Different Selectivity. J.Chromat., 841,207-228. 

Liang F, Lu M, Birch ME, et al. Determination of polycyclic aromatic sulfur heterocycles in diesel particulate matter and diesel fuel by gas chromatography with atomic emission detection. J Chromatogr A 2006 1114(1) 145-53. 

Mossner, S.G. and S.A. Wise. 1999. Determination of polycyclic aromatic sulfur heterocycles in fossil fuel-related samples. Anal. Chem. 71 58-69. 

Thomas, D., S.M. Crain, P.G. Sim, and F.M. Benoit. 1995. Application of reversed phase liquid chromatography with atmospheric pressure chemical ionization tandem mass spectrometry to the determination of polycyclic aromatic sulfur heterocycles in environmental samples. J. Mass Spectrom. 30 1034—1040. 

Andersson, J. T., Retention properties of a palladium chloride/silica sorbent for the liquid chromatographic separation of polycyclic aromatic sulfur heterocycles. Anal. Chem., 59, 2207-2209, 1987. 

Becker, G., Nilsson, U., Cohnsjo, A., and Ostman, C., Determination of polycyclic aromatic sulfur heterocyclic compounds in airborne particulate by gas chromatography with atomic emission and mass spectrometric detection, J. Chromatogr. A, 825, 57-66, 1998. 

Polycyclic aromatic compound Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon Polycyclic aromatic sulfur heterocycle Polycyclic aromatic oxygen heterocycle Nitrogen-containing polycyclic aromatic compound (both heterocyclic and nonheterocyclic compounds) Secondary-nitrogen polycyclic aromatic nitrogen heterocycles (nitrogen in a five-membered ring)... 

Hydroxy-substituted polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons Amino-substituted polycyclic aromatic sulfur heterocycles Polycyclic aromatic nitrogen sulfur heterocycles Hydroxy-substituted polycyclic aromatic sulfur heterocycles Hydroxy-substituted polycyclic aromatic nitrogen heterocycles... 

Table 2 Retention factors for some polycyclic aromatic sulfur heterocycles phase with cyclohexane as eluent. on a p-cyclodextrin. an aminopropano, and a TCP stationary ...

Muller et al. used SCS derivatives to study the effects of hydrodesulfurization (HDS) on polycyclic aromatic sulfur heterocycles (PASHs) in bitumen residua. Their experiments concentrated on PASHs, which is a predominant class of SCS in vacuum residue bottoms. Asphaltenes were removed by precipitation, followed by the separation of aromatic fractions from saturated fractions by the saturates, aromatics, resins, and asphalts (SARA) method. Several methods can be deployed as the SARA method depending on the type of petroleum sample, one of the more common for more viscous oils is a combination of two methods ASTM D2007 and ASTM D893. Pentane-insoluble (PI) method ASTM D893 is used first to identify the asphaltene content then ASTM D2007 is used to calculate the saturates, aromatics, and resins. 

Polycyclic aromatic sulfur heterocycles (PASH), sulfides, thiols Matter of fossil origin as coal, mineral oil, or derived products Water, air, soil... 

Pyell, U. Schober S, Stork G. Ligand-exchange chromatographic separation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and polycyclic aromatic sulfur heterocycles on a chelating sihca gel loaded with palladium (II) or silver (I) cations. Fresenius Journal Of Analytical Chemistry, 1997, 359 (7-8), 538-541. 

---