Environmental organisms

The December 2000 issue of the Journal of Chemical Education (pp 1644-1648) contains an article entitled Carbinolamines and Geminal Diols in Aqueous Environmental Organic Chemistry... 

R. P. Schwar2enbach, D. Imboden, and Ph. M. Gschwend, Environmental Organic Chemisty, Wiley-Interscience, New York, 1993. 

An environmental audit is a systematie, doeumented, periodie and objeetive evaluation of how well environmental organization, management and equipment are performing. The aim is to help safeguard the environment by ... 

An exhaustive source of environmental health and occupational safety information MSDSs links to other MSDS sites links to safety sites on the Internet links to occupational safety and health and environmental organizations and research programs OSHA and ERA regulations NIOSH databases discussion boards and much more. 

The Occupational Safety and Health Act (OSH Act) was enacted by Congress in 1970 and established tlie Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA), which addressed safety in tlie workplace. At tlie same time tlie USEPA was created. Both USEPA and OSHA are mandated to reduce tlie exposure of Itazardous substances over Umd, sea, and air. Tlie OSH Act is limited to conditions that exist in the workplace, where its jurisdiction covers both safety and health. Frequently, both agencies regulate tlie same substances but in a different manner as they are overlapping environmental organizations. 

Schwarzenbach, R.P., Gschwend, P.M., and Imboden, D.M. (1993). Environmental Organic Chemistry. An authoritative text on basic principles. 

The CleanGredients development model engages a multi-stakeholder coalition of participants from government entities, environmental organizations, industry associations, cleaning product formulators and distributors, and chemical manufacturers and suppliers, working to shift the direction of industrial and institutional (I I) cleaning product... 

Mycobacterium avium serovar-8 specific glycopeptidolipid allelic exchange mutant Mycobacterium avium are ubiquitous environmental organisms and a cause of disseminated infection in patients with end-stage AIDS)... 

Work is in progress to validate the MAE method, proposed for EPA, in a multi-laboratory evaluation study. Nothing similar has been reported for additives in polymeric matrices. Dean el al. [452] have reviewed microwave-assisted solvent extraction in environmental organic analysis. Chee et al. [468] have reported MAE of phthalate esters (DMP, DEP, DAP, DBP, BBP, DEHP) from marine sediments. The focus to date has centred on extractions from solid samples. However, recent experience suggests that MAE may also be important for extractions from liquids. 

Larson RA, Weber EJ (1994) Reaction mechanism in environmental organic chemistry. Lewis, Boca Raton, FL... 

Given, P. H. In "Environmental Organic Chemistry, Specialist Periodical Rept., G. Eglinton, Senior Reporter, Chem. 

Environmental organic pollutants may be degraded depending on their toxicity, solubility, distribution constant Kow because physical properties of hydrophobic chemicals may affect the solubility and therefore the amount of organic carbon available in the aqueous phase for microbial assimilation and further metabolism (Schwarzenbach and Westall 1981). Chemicals are subject to volatilization and such loss is not assessed in most of the study except for physical transformation and material balance purposes. Polyaromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are known to volatilized during incubation even with capping and more then 40% of the initial chemicals could be found lost (Yin and Gu, unpublished data). When proper control was not included and such... 

The vast majority of measurements of organolead compounds in the environment do not constitute evidence for biomethylation of lead. Most environmental organic lead comes from incomplete combustion or spillage of methyl- or ethyl-lead gasoline additives (viz tetraalkylleads or TALs). A literature search will produce several hundred TAL or ionic alkyllead results, but few of them are evidence for methylation in or by the environment. 

Supporting local consumer and environmental organizations, offering them advice and encouragement. 

GC-MS using high-resolution capillary columns and low-resolution mass spectrometers has been a popular analytical technique in environmental organic geochemistry [507,572,573]. However, additional analytical techniques have been used very recently to extend the capabilities available for the determination of molecular markers. Such advances are discussed in the next few paragraphs, which show the alternative approaches to increase GC-MS sensitivity and specificity ... 

Tandem mass spectrometry (i.e., MS-MS) is another technique that has recently become popular for the direct analysis of individual molecular markers in complex organic mixtures [87,505,509,578 - 583]. This technique provides a rapid method for the direct analysis of specific classes of molecular markers in whole sample extracts. In this approach the system is set up to monitor the parent ions responsible for a specific daughter ion as described above and the distribution of parent ions obtained under these conditions should provide the same information as previously obtained by GC-MS [505, 582]. Even greater specificity can be achieved by a combination of GC-MS-MS [516,584]. In view of the complexity of COM samples and the need to detect the presence of individual organic compounds or classes of compounds, it would seem that MS-MS, especially coupled with GC, would be extremely valuable in future environmental organic geochemistry studies. 

There are many areas into which environmental organic chemistry and environmental engineering can advance as a result of developments in various analytical techniques. All of this information will provide a much clearer picture on the chemodynamics of organic compounds, their biodegradation residues, and transformation products. Information such as this is important for modeling the fate and transport of organic compounds in the environment. 

Schwarzenbach RP, Gschwend PM, Imboden M (1993) Environmental organic chemistry. Wiley, p 681... 

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